1. Neutralization Reactions

2. Acid-Base Reactions • Reactions in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water are generally called neutralization reactions.

3. Salts and Their Applications

4. Titration • The process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution is called titration. • What is the endpoint of a titration? The point of neutralization is the end point of the titration.

5. Titration • Add solution from the buret. • Reagent (base) reacts with compound (acid) in solution in the flask. • Indicator shows when exact stoichiometric(moles) reaction has occurred. (Acid = Base) This is called NEUTRALIZATION.

6. ACID-BASE REACTIONSTitrations HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) --->NaCl(aq) + H2O(liq) acidbase Carry out this reaction using aTITRATION.

7. The solution of known concentration is called the standard solution. • Indicators are often used to determine when enough of the standard solution has been added to neutralize the acid or base. • The point at which the indicator changes color is the end pointof the titration.

8. Equivalence Point • When an acid and base are mixed, the equivalence pointis when the number of moles of hydrogen ions equals the number of moles of hydroxide ions.

9. Equivalence Point

10. ACID-BASE REACTIONSTitrations HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) --->NaCl(aq) + H2O(liq) acidbase TITRATION calculations Macid • Vacid = Mbase • Vbase