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The Muslim World 600 – 1258 AD

The Muslim World 600 – 1258 AD. 10. 1 The Rise of Islam. What is Islam?. “ Submission to the will of Allah ” Muslims are “ those who submit ” 2nd largest religion: 1.6 Billion worldwide Fasting Growing religion Traces its roots to Abraham; it is the conclusion of Judaism & Christianity.

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The Muslim World 600 – 1258 AD

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  1. The Muslim World600 – 1258 AD 10. 1 The Rise of Islam

  2. What is Islam? “Submission to the will of Allah” Muslims are “those who submit” • 2nd largest religion: 1.6 Billion worldwide • Fasting Growing religion • Traces its roots to Abraham; it is the conclusion of Judaism & Christianity

  3. Arabian Peninsula • Crossroads of 3 continents • Mostly desert with few Oases • Nomadic Bedouin tribes not united • organized into clans • fought over limited resources

  4. Mecca • City of trade & pilgrimage • Site of the Ka’aba: originally a shrine to Abraham, by 600 AD Arab clans filled it with pagan idols • Birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad

  5. Muhammad 570-632 AD • Prophet of Islam; Not divine! • Orphaned as child; raised by uncle; became a merchant • Received 1st revelations in 610 AD while meditating in a cave near Mecca.

  6. Beliefs of Islam • There is only ONE GOD (Allah) • Same God of Christians & Jews • Prophets receive revelations, but are not divine • Muhammad is the last of the prophets • Afterlife, Heaven, Hell, Last Judgment • All are equal before God & responsible for one’s actions

  7. Muhammad Tries to unify Mecca under Islam • Began preaching 613 AD • Gained few-followers • Meccans feared losing independence, traditions, & trade = forced Muhammad to flee

  8. The Hijrah (Flight to Yathrib) 622 AD • Turning point in Muhammad’s life • Marks Year #1 on the Islamic Calendar • Muhammad became leader, converted many • City renamed “Medina”

  9. Muhammad’s Victory • Bedouins joined Muhammad in war against Mecca • 630 AD: Muhammad & 10,000 Muslims forced Mecca to surrender. • Muhammad smashed the idols in the Ka’aba, and united Arabia under Islam

  10. Muhammad Died 632 AD

  11. Sources of Authority • The Qur’an: Muhammad’s revelations & teachings • The Sunna: Muhammad’s life example • The Shari’a: body of Islamic laws

  12. The Five Pillars of Islam 5 Duties to Demonstrate Submission to the Will of God • Confession of Faith in one God • Prayer 5 Times a Day • Give Alms to the Poor • Fasting during month of Ramadan • Pilgrimage to Mecca

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