Grammar

1. Grammar Sentences Fragment Subject and Predicate CompoundSentences

2. Sentence • A sentence tells a complete thought. • A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark. • A fragment is a group of words that does not tell a complete thought.

3. This group of words is a sentence. Berries grow on the bushes near town. • It tells a complete thought. • It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.

4. This group of words is a fragment A farmer in the big field. • It does not tell a complete thought.

5. Decide if each group of words is a sentence or a fragment. • The bakery sells fresh bread. • Serving lunch at the café. • The bankers eat there each day.

6. Decide if each group of words is a sentence or a fragment. • At a quiet table in the corner. • Everyone works hard all week. • Who will clean the clothes? • Washing the men’s shirts?

7. Subjects and Predicates • A sentence has a subject and a predicate. • The subject is the part of the sentence that tells whom or what the sentence is about. • All the words in the subject are called the complete subject.

8. The boy was stunned. • The subject of this sentence is The boy.

9. The predicate is the part of the sentence that tells what the subject is or does. • All words in the predicate are called the complete predicate.

10. The boy was stunned. • The predicate of this sentence is was stunned.

11. In this sentence, the complete subject is underlined. • Most people learn something each day. • Now the complete predicate is underlined. • Most people learn something each day.

12. Find the complete subject of each sentence. • We find knowledge in many places. • The students in our class ask lots of questions. • The library has books about many subjects.

13. Find the complete subject of each sentence. • Teachers help students with their lessons. • Books about animals are my favorite.

14. Find the complete predicate of each sentence. • The class studied whales. • The school librarian knows all about caves. • James read about pirates.

15. Find the complete predicate of each sentence. • People learn about animals at the zoo. • The garden has many kinds of trees.

16. Sometimes you can give readers better pictures by adding words to subjects and predicates: • The cat ran. • The scared cat ran under the porch.

17. Test Tip • A test may ask you to identify the subject of a sentence. • The subject may include more than one person, place or thing. • Be sure to include the complete subject. • Jay and I can hike. • Subject: Jay and I

18. Grammar: Statements and questions • I needed that candle. • Why isn’t Alexander rich now? • The first sentence is a statement. • The second sentence is a question.

19. Grammar: Statements and Questions • A sentence that tells something is a statement. • A sentence that asks something is a question. • Statement: Most people save money. • Question: Do you save money?

20. Grammar: statements and questions • A statement begins with a capital letter and ends with a period. • A question begins with a capital letter and ends with a question mark.

21. Grammar: statements & questionsTell if each sentence is a statement or a question. • There are a few different ways to save money. • statement • You can put money away each week. • statement • Do you always save your allowance? • question

22. Grammar: statements & questionsTell if each sentence is a statement or a question. • You can buy the things you need on sale. • statement • What is the best way to save money? • question

23. Grammar: statements & questionsWhat end mark does each sentence need? • Annie saves one dollar each week • Annie saves one dollar each week. • Frank does not spend money on candy • Frank does not spend money on candy.

24. Grammar: statements & questionsWhat end mark does each sentence need? • Did you save your birthday money • Did you save your birthday money? • Could we put the money in the bank • Could we put the money in the bank? • Saving money can be fun • Saving money can be fun.

25. Grammar: Statements and questions • A sentence that tells something is a statement. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period. • A sentence that asks something is a question. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a question mark.

26. Grammar:statements and questions • Variety makes writing more interesting. • Using questions occasionally instead of only statements adds variety.

27. Grammar: statements and questions • Test Tip: • You might be asked to identify statements and questions. • Don’t assume that any sentence that begins with words such as what and why is a question. It may be a statement or another kind of sentence. • Statement: What I saw was an airplane. • Question: What is in the sky?

28. Grammar: Commands and Exclamations • Take your pick—they’re all worth ten dollars. • That was well done! • The first sentence is a command. • The second sentence is a exclamation.

29. Grammar: Commands and Exclamations • A sentence that tells someone to do something is a command. • A sentence that shows strong feelings is an exclamation. • Command: Put a dollar on the counter. • Exclamation: What a bright penny that is!

30. Grammar: Commands and Exclamations • Some commands begins with please. • Commands usually end with periods. • The subject of a command is you. • The word you is not written or said, but it is understood.

31. Grammar: Commands and Exclamations • Exclamations can express feelings such as surprise, anger, or excitement. • Exclamations begin with a capital letter and end with an exclamation mark.

32. Grammar: Commands and Exclamations • Exclamations can express feelings such as surprise, anger, or excitement. • Exclamations begin with a capital letter and end with an exclamation mark.

33. Grammar: statements & questionsTell if each sentence is a command or an exclamation. • Please give me change for a dollar. • command • Put the money in your pocket. • command • What a big bag of pennies that is! • exclamation

34. Grammar: statements & questionsTell if each sentence is a command or an exclamation. • Count the pennies carefully. • command • I am so tired of counting! • exclamation

35. Grammar: statements & questionsTell what punctuation mark goes at the end of each sentence. • That castle is so beautiful • That castle is so beautiful! • Take a picture of the lovely gardens • Take a picture of the lovely gardens. • How expensive it must be • How expensive it must be!

36. Grammar: statements & questionsTell what punctuation mark goes at the end of each sentence. • Think about living in a place like that • Think about living in a place like that. • What a daydream that is • What a daydream that is!

37. Grammar: Commands and Exclamations • A sentence that tells someone to do something is a command. • Some commands begin with please. • Commands usually end with period.

38. Grammar:Commands and Exclamations • The subject of a command is you, so a command can get readers’ attention. • Exclamations can make writing vivid by expressing surprise, anger, or excitement.

39. Grammar: Commands and Exclamations Test Tip: • You might be asked to identify commands and exclamations. • Commands often begin with an action verb, such as take or play. • Like questions, exclamations may begin with what or how. • However, exclamations end with exclamation marks, not question marks.

40. Grammar: Commands and Exclamations • Command: Take the ball outside. • Exclamation: What a nice day ! • Question: What is in the sky?

41. Compound Sentences • A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate. • A compound sentence contains two simple sentences joined by a comma and a word such as and, but, or or.

42. Simple Sentence The boy helped his mother. • Simple Sentence His mother bought him a bicycle. • Compound Sentence The boy helped his mother, and his mother bought him a bicycle.

43. The two parts of a compound sentence have ideas that make sense together. • A comma goes after the first sentences before the word and, but, or or.

44. This is a compoundsentence. • I wanted to buy everything, but I clutched my coins tightly in my pocket. • Two simple sentences have been combined with a comma and the word but.

45. Not a Compound Sentence: Tim and Mary rode their bikes. • Not a Compound Sentence: Sam talked and laughed. • Compound Sentence: Tim rode his bike, and Sam talked.

46. Tell if each sentence is a simple sentence or a compound sentence. • The family had a farm. • The boy planted beans, and his mom planted pumpkins. • The family ate bananas and spinach.

47. Tell if each sentence is a simple sentence or a compound sentence. • The spinach tasted good, but the bananas tasted better. • The boy picked the crops, and his father sold them.

48. Add a comma where needed. • A wheelbarrow carries crops but it is hard to push. • You can pick peas or you can gather sweet potatoes.

49. Add a comma where needed. • It rains in spring and the crops grow quickly. • Coffee grows on trees and pumpkins grow on vines.

50. Add a comma where needed. • Farming is hard work but the family enjoys it.