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Warm Up

Warm Up. Define Diploid and Haploid. In Mitosis, if the parent cell has a diploid number of 12, what will the resulting number of chromosomes be in the daughter cells? In the Onion Root Tip Lab , how do the cancer cells differ from the normal cells? . Warm Up.

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • Define Diploid and Haploid. • In Mitosis, if the parent cell has a diploid number of 12, what will the resulting number of chromosomes be in the daughter cells? • In the Onion Root Tip Lab, how do the cancer cells differ from the normal cells?

  2. Warm Up • Diploid (2n)– when a cell contains two sets of chromosomes, usually one set from the mother and anther set from the father. • Body Cells resulting from mitosis are diploid • Haploid (n)- when a cell only contains one set of chromosomes • Gametes (sex cells) resulting from meiosis are haploid • The resulting cell will have 12 chromosomes.

  3. Warm Up • Cancer cells go through the cell cycle quicker • Cancer cells do not obey the following rules: • Is the DNA fully replicated? • Is the DNA damaged? • Are there enough nutrients to support cell growth?

  4. Announcements • Mitosis Test • Moved to Tuesday; March 6, 2012. • Onion Root Tip Lab • Due: Today; March 5, 2012. • I will be after school today until 3:15pm and Wednesday until 3:45pm.

  5. MitosisPart II Monday; March 5, 2012

  6. Mitosis • Mitosis – Process by which two identical daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes. • If parent cell is diploid (2n), then the resulting cells are diploid (2n). (ie: # of chromosomes in parent cell = # of chromosomes in daughter cell) • Phases of the cell cycle are: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.

  7. Why is Mitosis Necessary for Life? • Growth & Development – • Mitosis produces cells. Producing cells is the basis for development from a single cellular organism to a multicellular organism • Cell Replacement – • In some parts of the body, cells are constantly being removed and replaced by new cells (ie: skin and digestive cells). • Red Blood Cells have a short life span so mitosis will produce new red blood cells

  8. Why is Mitosis Necessary for Life? • Regeneration • Some organisms can regrowmissingbody parts • If a sea stars arm is removed, the arm can be regrown through mitosis • A person is able to donate a part of his/her liver because a human liver is able to regenerate by mitosis • Asexual reproduction • Organisms can choose to create a genetically similar offspring • Asexual reproduction does not result in genetic variation

  9. Where Mitosis Can Occur • Allhuman body cells perform mitosis • Examples: Liver cells, Skin cells, Stomach cells • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organisms, such as bacteria and brine shrimp, can produce offspring by mitosis (ie: asexual reproduction) • Human sex cells (ie: egg and sperm) undergo a different process called meiosis. • Meiosis – process of cell division where a body cell produces 4 sex cells, each containing half the amount of chromosomes as the parent cell

  10. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction • Asexual Reproduction – produces an offspring that is genetically identical to the parent • No genetic variation • Sexual Reproduction – produces an offspring that is a mixture of each parents genetic info • Genetic variation • Mixture of genetic information from each parent • Occurs when sperm and egg cell combine (fertilization)

  11. Life Cycle of Brine Shrimp

  12. Advantages & Disadvantages Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Disadvantages: Two organisms needed Requires more energy and time Mutations occur Fewer offspring produced Disadvantages: • No genetic variation (shares same weakness) • If the stable environment changes, entire population can die off Advantages: • Only one organism needed • Requires less energy and time • Best for organism that live in stable environment Advantages: • Genetic variation that allows a population to adapt over time

  13. Brine Shrimp Work Session • Observe the brine shrimp • On a separate sheet of paper, draw an image of what you • Answer the following question: • What is the benefit of being able to go through both sexual and asexual reproduction? • What is the importance of genetic variation?

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