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Understanding Ancient Civilizations: Government Systems, Philosophies, and Cultural Heritage

This collection delves into the pivotal aspects of ancient civilizations, focusing on their government systems like tyrannies, oligarchies, and democracies. It also explores the military significance in Spartan society and the importance of fair rulership as seen in the Persian Empire. Additionally, it examines Greek mythology, literature, and the values imparted through epic poetry and fables, revealing how these elements shaped cultural identity. Engage with definitions of key terms and concepts to enhance understanding of historical governance and philosophy.

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Understanding Ancient Civilizations: Government Systems, Philosophies, and Cultural Heritage

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  1. Bell ringers 2009-2010

  2. Copy words and definitions • Tyrant- a person who takes power by force and rules with total authority. • Oligarchy- a government where few people hold power • Democracy- all citizens share in running the government. • Helots- what Spartans called their captive workers. The name comes from the Greek word for “capture”.

  3. Bell ringer Jan. 14, 2010 • Why was the military so important to Spartans? • What was Sparta’s government like? • Focusing on military had its disadvantages. Give one disadvantage.

  4. Bell ringer Jan. 15, 2010 • Explain what the difference is between an oligarchy and a democracy.

  5. Jan. 15, 2010 • The difference between an oligarchy and democracy is an oligarchy only a few people run the government and a democracy all citizen participate.

  6. Bell ringer for Jan. 27, 2010 • Why was Cyrus considered a fair ruler? ( The Rise of the Persian Empire page 132) • What was the Royal Road? ( The Rise of the Persian Empire page 132) • He treated new subjects well. • A vast road that connected Persian cities.

  7. Bellringer for Jan. 28, 2010 • 1. Name the Three rulers mentioned in Section 3 Persia attacks the Greeks. • 2. Name one accomplishment King Darius had during his rule of Persia. 1. Cyrus the Great, King Darius, and Xerxes • 2. He reorganized the government to make it work better. He divided the empire into 20 provinces known as SATRAPIES. Each satrapies was ruled by an official with the title satrap – protector of the kingdom. All satrap answered to the king. Persia had a large army of professional soldiers. The government paid people to be full-time soldiers who guarded the king.

  8. Bellringer for Feb. 4, 2010 Myth- traditional stories about gods and heroes. Oracle- sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess. Epic- earliest Greek stories Fable- is a short tale that teaches a lesson. Drama- is a story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the story. Tragedy- when a person struggles to overcome difficulties but fails. Comedy- a story ends happily

  9. Bellringer Feb.8, 2010 • 1. How and why did the Greeks honor their god? (Greek Gods and Goddesses page 155-156) • 2. What values did the epic poems of Homer teach Greeks? ( Greek Poetry and Fables pages 157-158) • 1. with rituals, festivals, and temples; so the gods would grant good fortune. • 2. courage, honor, loyalty, and the value of the husband-wife relationship.

  10. Bellringer Feb. 10, 2010 • Why did the Greeks have rituals and festivals for their gods and goddesses? • What are the characteristics of a fable? • What two types of drama did the Greeks create? • What was the most important type of building in ancient Greece?

  11. Bellringer • They hoped the gods would grant good fortune to them. • Short tale, teaches a lesson, often involves funny stories about animals that speaks. • Tragedies and comedies • The temple dedicated to a god or goddess, such as the Parthenon

  12. Bellringer Feb. • Vocabulary Quiz Today • After test, we will read The Visit and do meaningful ending

  13. Bellringer for Feb.17,2010 Write down Vocabulary words Legacy- what a person leaves behind when he or she dies Hellenistic Era- comes from the Greek word meaning like the Greeks. It refers to a time when the Greeks language and Greek ideas spread to the non-Greek people of southwest Asia. Epicureanism- Epicurus founded this philosophy. He taught his students that happiness was the goal of life. Stoicism- a Phoenician named Zeno developed this philosophy. He philosophy was happiness came from following reason, not emotions, and doing your duty.

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