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Understanding the Lymphatic System and Immunity: Key Functions and Components

This comprehensive overview covers the essential parts and functions of the lymphatic system, including lymph, lymphocytes, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils. It explains the roles of lymph in fluid balance and fat absorption, and how the immune system utilizes leukocytes to defend against disease. The text details the types of immunity, including innate and adaptive responses, with emphasis on B and T cells, antibodies, and the importance of vaccinations in building immunity. Explore the mechanisms that protect the body from foreign substances.

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Understanding the Lymphatic System and Immunity: Key Functions and Components

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Presentation Transcript

  1. WARM UP

  2. NOTES CH 29 Lymphatic System and Immunity Intro

  3. PARTS: Lymph, lymphocytes, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils

  4. FUNCTIONS: • FLUID BALANCE • FAT ABSORPTION • DEFENSE ** * filter microorganisms in lymph nodes and spleen * destroy micro. in tissues

  5. LYMPHOCYTES Cells that destroy microbes

  6. LYMPH • Clear fluid that is in tissues after leaving the blood • Made of ions, water, nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes • Circulates through lymph vessels and into nearest lymph node

  7. LYMPH NODE About small seed to almond size Lymph passes through here before returning to blood • Stimulates lymphocytes to divide and go into bloodstream • Destroy microorganism there

  8. 3 main places of nodes • INGUINAL • AXILLARY • CERVICAL

  9. TONSILS • Areas in the mouth that collect and destroy microbes • Palantine – sides • Adenoid – back top of throat • Lingual – back of tongue

  10. SPLEEN • Size of fist, let upper side FUNCTION: • Filters blood – cells detect microbes or old rbc in blood and destroy • Stores extra blood for emergencies • Makes lymphocytes

  11. THYMUS • Lower neck area ( after 60 decrease in size) FUNCTION: 1. Produce lymphocytes

  12. NOTES Ch 29 Immunity

  13. IMMUNE SYSTEM PARTS: white blood cells, antibodies FUNCTION: to destroy microbes in tissues and protect body from disease

  14. LEUKOCYTES – white blood cells Leave the blood vessels and go into infected area to destroy microbe TYPES: • neutrophils • macrophages • lymphocytes

  15. NEUTROPHILS • 1st to enter infected area • Die after killing a microbe • Phagocytosis – engulfing the microbe or cell to destroy it PUS – fluid, dead neutrophils, bacteria, dead cells

  16. MACROPHAGE • 2nd to enter an infected area • Can digest more and live longer • Can wait in uninfected tissue

  17. B CELLS • Secrete antibodies T CELLS

  18. IMMUNITY Ability to resist damage from foreign substances

  19. ANTIGEN Foreign substance in the body EX: virus, bacteria, allergen (pollen, animal hair, foods, etc.) ANTIBODY Protein that destroys a specific antigen

  20. INNATE Body born with ability to recognize and destroy foreign molecules ADAPTIVE Body learns to recognize and destroy (each time exposed, destroy better) 2 TYPES

  21. INNATE Protections such as Skin, mucus, tears, saliva Chemicals: Histamine, lysozyme, prostoglandins, leukotrienes These promote inflammation and cause white blood cells to rush there

  22. 2 TYPES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY • NATURAL a. Passive – mother to child (umbilical cord or milk) b. Active – natural exposure (exposed to a virus, etc.)

  23. ARTIFICIAL a. Passive – antibodies placed into person (from another organism) * won’t last long (antiserum is an example)

  24. Active – antigen deliberately introduced into individ. to stimulate their immune system EX: VACCINATION * dead organism or live altered one (produces no symptoms)

  25. DTP Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis (whooping cough) MMR Mumps Measles Rubella 2 main types of vaccinations

  26. HOW IMMUNITY WORKS Every cell has surface marker on the cell membrane. When body does not recognize these markers, it will respond to it.

  27. THE RESPONSE: • B cell exposed to antigen • Binds to it • B cell starts to divide to form 1) memory B cells 2) plasma cells

  28. PLASMA CELLS Produce antibodies – takes 3-14 days to make enough to destroy it Antigen can cause symptoms in the meantime MEMORY B CELLS When exposed to antigen already in the body, these divide and from plasma cells which make the antibodies fast No time for symptoms to develop

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