The Cell Cycle: Stages of Mitosis and Cytokinesis

1. Part 2: The Cell Cycle DNA A. Loosely coiled chromatincondenses into B. Tightly coiled, X-shaped chromosomes A. B.

2. Chromatin is relaxed DNA Chromosomes are condensed DNA

3. 6’ to microscopic supercoiled DNA

4. C. Part 2: The Cell Cycle CHROMOSOME C. Each half of the Xis called a sister chromatid Each sister chromatidcontains identical DNA

5. Part 2: The Cell Cycle D. CHROMOSOME D. Chromatids are held together by a centromere

6. Part 2: The Cell Cycle E. Centrioles – aid in cell division and are involved in the formation of spindle fibers F. Spindle Fibers – microtubules that push and pull sister chromatids for separation E. F.

7. Part 2: The Cell Cycle G. Poles – similar to the Earth’s poles, mitotic poles are at opposite “ends” of the cell, farthest from the equator H. Equator– plane on which chromosomes will align during metaphase G. H.

9. PROPHASE 1. The DNA condenses from chromosomes from chromatin 2. The nuclear membrane disappears 3. The centrioles form to move toward the poles 4. The spindle fibers form with ends moving toward the centromeres of the chromosomes

10. PROPHASE The DNA condenses from chromosomes from chromatin 2. The nuclear membrane disappears 3. The centrioles form to move toward the poles 4. The spindle fibers form with ends moving toward the centromeres of the chromosomes

12. METAPHASE The centrioles are at opposite poles 2. The chromosomes are aligned with their centromeres at the equator 3. The spindle fibers are stretched from centrioles to centromeres

13. METAPHASE The centrioles are at opposite poles 2. The chromosomes are aligned with their centromeres at the equator 3. The spindle fibers are stretched from centrioles to centromeres

15. ANAPHASE The spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids apart 2. The sister chromatids move toward opposite poles

16. ANAPHASE The spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids apart 2. The sister chromatids move toward opposite poles

18. TELOPHASE DNA: chromatids loosen, forming chromatin The centrioles and spindle fibers disintegrate The nuclear membrane reforms to enclose the DNA CYTOKINESIS 1. The cell membrane pinches as the cytoplasm is divided and the cell becomes 2

20. 19. 5. 12. 20. 6. 1. 11. 2 [. 13. 3. 7. 4. 16. 8. 14. 21. 24. 18. 22. 17. 1. 10 [ 9. 15. 23.

21. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Cytokinesis Occurs in animal cells with a cleavage furrow

22. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Cytokinesis Occurs in plant cells with a cell plate

23. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Complete Homework 6-1 Read pgs 279-285

25. Section 6 – Cell Reproduction Part 2: The Cell Cycle

26. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Cells go through a life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

27. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Objectives: List / explain the primary stages of the cell cycle Describe the events of interphase Explain the four phases of mitosis Describe the process of cytokinesis

28. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividingcalled the cell cycle

29. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle Why would multicellular organisms need their cells to divide?

30. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle Development of the embryo

31. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle Growth

32. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle Repair

33. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle

34. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle Each time a cell goes through a complete cycle, it divides into 2 cells

35. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle There are three main stages of the cell cycle

36. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle 1. Interphase

37. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle 2. Mitosis (division of nucleus)

38. Part 2: The Cell Cycle The Cell Cycle 3. Cytokinesis (Cytoplasm divides)

39. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Interphase Normal, healthy cells spend the majority of their time in interphase

40. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Interphase Interphase has three parts

41. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Interphase G1- (Gap 1) Cell growth

42. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Interphase 2. S - (Synthesis) DNA synthesized/replicated

43. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Interphase Why does the cell need to copy the DNA?

44. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Interphase 3. G2- (Gap 2) Cell prepares for mitosis

45. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Mitosis The cell’s replicated genetic material separates in Mitosis

46. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Mitosis Why is it important that the division of the nucleus occur equally?

47. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Mitosis Mitosis is divided into four stages:

48. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

49. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Telophase and cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm) overlap.

50. Part 2: The Cell Cycle Mitosis *mnemonic*