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ROCKS

ROCKS. What is a Rock?. rock - a naturally-occurring mixture of minerals, organic matter and other rocks. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?. Rocks are made up of one or more minerals. Rock Classification. Rocks are classified by how they were formed. 3 types:

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ROCKS

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  1. ROCKS

  2. What is a Rock? rock- a naturally-occurring mixture of minerals, organic matter and other rocks

  3. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? • Rocks are made up of one or more minerals.

  4. Rock Classification • Rocks are classified by how they were formed. • 3 types: • Igneous- from magma or lava • Sedimentary- from sediment that has been cemented by minerals • Metamorphic- formed from intense heat and pressure

  5. Distribution of Rocks on Earth Which rock type is most abundant (greatest amount) ?

  6. Once a rock is formed, does it stay the same rock forever? • No! • Rocks are continually changed by many processes, such as weathering, erosion, compaction, cementation, melting, and cooling • Rocks can change to and from the three types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)

  7. What is the process through which rocks change? • The Rock Cycle—earth materials change back and forth among the different types of rocks

  8. The Rock Cycle

  9. How are rocks redistributed? • The core, mantle, & crust are one giant rock recycling machine

  10. Igneous Rocks • “Ignis” = Latin for “fire” • formed from the cooling of eithermagma or lava • the most abundanttype of rock • Classified according to their origin and composition

  11. ORIGIN— Where rocks are formed • Below ground= from magma (intrusive igneous rock) • Usually have LARGE crystal grains (they cooled slowly) • Examples are: granite

  12. more intrusive igneous rock • Some have large & small crystals • (called porphyritic)

  13. Above ground = from lava (extrusive igneous rock) • Usually have SMALL or NO crystals (they cooled too quickly) obsidian ↑ ← basalt

  14. more extrusive igneous rock • pumice → ←andesite

  15. Practice Classifying Igneous Rocks as intrusive or extrusive

  16. Peridotite: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  17. Granite: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  18. Porphyry: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  19. Obsidian: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  20. COMPOSITION— What kind of substances the rocks are made of

  21. Basaltic Igneous Rocks —made from lava that is low in silica, rich in iron and magnesium. Rocks are dark-colored.

  22. Granitic Igneous Rocks—made from magma high in silica and oxygen. Rocks are light-colored.

  23. Andesitic Igneous Rocks—have a composition between basaltic and granitic.

  24. Practice Classifying Igneous Rocks according to their composition:

  25. Diorite

  26. Basalt

  27. Granite

  28. Uses of Igneous Rock • Igneous rock is very hard so it is useful for tools and building materials. As we study uses of rocks, we are using the Human Ingenuity Lens.

  29. Notes What is a rock? What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?

  30. Notes 1. What are the 3 types of rocks? a) b) c)

  31. 2. How are rocks classified? 3. Which of the 3 types of rocks is most abundant? _______________

  32. What is the rock cycle? Draw a diagram

  33. 4. The word igneous means5. Igneous rocks that form inside Earth from magma are called ___. 6. These rocks have ________ sized crystals.

  34. 7. Igneous rocks that form outside Earth from lava are called _________________. 8. These rocks have _____ sized crystals.

  35. 9. Give 3 examples of intrusive igneous rock.a)b)c)10. Give 3 examples of extrusive igneous rock.a)b)c)

  36. In conclusion, view this video to review: • Rock_Formation.mov

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