CHAPTER 12: THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES SECTION 2: FEUDALISM AND THE MANOR SYSTEM

1. CHAPTER 12: THE EARLY MIDDLE AGESSECTION 2: FEUDALISM AND THE MANOR SYSTEM LUCKY CHARMS WORLD HISTORY PERIOD 4

2. A: THE VIKING INVASION OF EUROPE THE VIKING INVASIONS IN THE NINETH THROUGH THE ELEVENTH CENTURIES RESULTTED IN THE SETTLEMENT OF NORMANDY AND THE NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND.

3. A: THE VIKING INVASION OF EUROPE • THE CRISIS OF POWER IN ENGLAND • IN THE TENTH CENTURY, THE VIKINGS TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE FIGHTING AMONG CHARLEMAGNE’S HEIRS. • RAIDING PARTIES ATTACKED AND SETTLED LAND LONG THE SEINE RIVER IN NOTHERN EUROPE, IT WAS THE FIRST SETTLEMENT IN THE REGION. • AS THE NORMAN RULERS BECAME STRONGER, THEY SET OUT TO EXPAND THEIR POWER.

4. A: THE VIKING INVASION OF EUROPE • THE NORMAN CONQUEST • WILLIAM OF NORMANDY INVADED ENGLAND IN OCTOBER 1066. • THE NORMANS DEAFEATED THE ENGLISH ARMY AT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS, DURING WHICH HAROLD ( KING OF England) WAS KILLED. • WILLIAM, WHO WAS KNOWN AS WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR, WAS CROWNED KING OF ENGLAND ON CHRISTMAS DAY IN 1066.

5. B: FEUDALISM FEUDAL SOCIETIES BROUGHT SAFETY TO EUROPE AND A NEW CLASS OF NOBILITY

6. B: FEUDALISM • LAND GRANTS AND SERVICE • IN FEUDAL SOCIETY, A KING MIGHT GRANT A LARGE PARCEL OF LAND, CALLED A MANOR, TO A LORD OR KNIGHT. • THE VASSAL AGREED TO WORK THE LAND, MAKE A SMALL PAYMENT TO THE LORD, AND SPENT 40 DAYS IN MILITARY SERVICE EACH YEAR. • SOME VASSALS PLEDGED LOYALTY TO MORE THAN ONE LORD.

7. B: FEUDALISM • KNIGHTHOOD • IN THE MIDDLE AGES, THE LORD OF A MANOR WAS, BY DEFINITION A NOBLE AND A KNIGHT. • HE HAD EARNED HIS LAND AS A REWARD FOR MILITARY SERVICE TO THE KING. • A KNIGHT WHO WAS A GOOD WARRIOR MIGHT WIN LAND OR RECIVE IT AS A REWARD FROM HIS LORD.

8. B: FEUDALISM • IMPORTANCE OF CASTLES • KINGS AND LORDS BUILT GREAT CASTLES, WITH HIGH STRONG WALLS TO PROTECT THEMSELVES AND THEIR FAMILIES FROM OTHER LORDS. • CASTLES WERE OFTEN LOCATED IN KEY PLACES THAT WERE IMPORTANT TO TRADE OR TRAVEL. • TRAVEL AT THE MOUTH OF A RIVER OR AT THE ENTRANCE TO AN IMPORTANT MOUNTAIN PASS.

9. B: FEUDALISM • WOMEN IN THE MIDDLE AGES • A WOMAN COULD OWN LAND,BUT HER LAND AND HER BELONGINGS BECAME THE PROPERTY OF HER HUSBAND WHEN SHE MARRIED. • THE DAILTY LIFE OF WOMEN DEPENDED IN LARGE PART ON THEIR SOCIAL STATUS. • LADIES OF THE MANOR WERE USUALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR RUNNIG THE HOUSEHOLDS.

10. C: THE ECONOMIC OF FEUDALISM FEUDALISM BENEFITED BOTH LORDS AND PEASANTS, WHILE TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED THEIR LIVES

11. C: THE ECONOMICS OF FEUDALISM • PEASANTS • SOME PEASANTS WERE FREE TO MOVE FROM PLACE TO PLACE AS THEY WISHED. • THE SERFS WERE PEASANTS WHO WERE LEGALLY BOUND TO THE LAND OF THE MANOR WHERE THEY WORKED. • SERFS COULD BE SOLD WITH THE LAND THEY LIVED AND WORKED ON, MOST OWNED VERY LITTLE, USUALLY A FEW ANIMALS AND SOME TOOLS.

12. C: THE ECONOMIC OF FEUDALISM • TECHNOLOGY BRINGS IMPROVEMENT IN FARMING • IN THE ELEVENTH CENTURY, EUROPES’S LIFE WAS SOMEWHAT IMPROVED: PEOPLE HAD LOTS OF FOOD AND WERE NOT BEING KILLED IN BATTLE. POPULATION BEGAN TO GROW. • AT THE SAME TIME, NEW INVENTIONS MADE FARMING EASIER. • LORDS REALIZED THAT THEY MIGHT LOSE WORKERS TO FAVORABLE CONDITIONS ELSWHERE.

13. CHARLEMAGNE HEIRS • CHARLEMGNE WAS A CHRISTIAN KING. • He was of German blood and speech, and shared some characteristics of his people- strength of body, courage of spirit, pride of race, and a crude simplicity many centuries apart from the urbane polish of the modern French. • tried in his old age to learn writing, but never quite succeeded; yet he could speak old Teutonic and literary Latin, and understood Greek.

14. WILLIAM OF NORMANDY • WILLIAM WAS BORN IN 1027 • HE WAS HAROLD HEIR • WILLIAM WAS THE FIRST TO TAKE OVER FOR HAROLD BUT WILLIAM HAD SAID NO .