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Social Psychology

Social Psychology. Overview. How do we perceive people? How do we form and change attitudes? How are we attracted to others? How do others influence our behavior? . Attribution. external attribution - perception that behavior is caused by the situation

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Social Psychology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Social Psychology

  2. Overview • How do we perceive people? • How do we form and change attitudes? • How are we attracted to others? • How do others influence our behavior?

  3. Attribution • external attribution - perception that behavior is caused by the situation • internal attribution - perception that behavior is caused by characteristics of the person

  4. Biases in Attribution • Fundamental Attributional Error - focus on internal causes of others’ behaviors • Actor-Observer Effect - focus on external causes of your own behavior, but internal causes for others

  5. Biases in Attribution • Self-Serving Bias - attribute your successes to internal causes and your failures to external causes • Self-fulfilling Prophecy - your expectations cause someone to perform consistently with what you expected

  6. Persuasion: Two Routes • Central Route - facts and logic • Peripheral Route - emotion (style) • Which route works better depends on • Audience • Personal importance of topic

  7. Cognitive Dissonance • Our attitudes involve cognitive, affective, and behavioral components • When we notice a difference in these components, we experience discomfort • We are motivated to reduce the cognitive dissonance

  8. Methods of Persuasion • Foot in the Door • Door in the Face

  9. Factors Affecting Attraction • Environment • proximity • mere exposure effect • Similarity in personality, attitudes • Physical attractiveness • matching hypothesis

  10. Social Influence • Conformity • Obedience • Social Roles • Bystander Effect

  11. Conformity • Changing behavior to match behaviors of others • Asch’s line-judging study a b c

  12. Obedience • Tendency to follow orders from an authority figure • Milgram’s “shocking” study

  13. Social Roles • The Power of the Situation • The Stanford Prison Experiment

  14. Bystander Effect • Failure to give help when others are present • Diffusion of responsibility

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