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Social Psychology

Social psychology explores how we perceive individuals, form and alter our attitudes, and how attraction occurs between people. It examines how others influence our behaviors and the role of attributions—both internal and external—in shaping our understanding of actions. Important concepts include biases in attribution, persuasion methods (central vs. peripheral), and cognitive dissonance, which creates discomfort when our beliefs and behaviors conflict. Factors affecting attraction, social influence, conformity, and the bystander effect highlight the power of situational dynamics in human interactions.

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Social Psychology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Social Psychology

  2. Overview • How do we perceive people? • How do we form and change attitudes? • How are we attracted to others? • How do others influence our behavior?

  3. Attribution • external attribution - perception that behavior is caused by the situation • internal attribution - perception that behavior is caused by characteristics of the person

  4. Biases in Attribution • Fundamental Attributional Error - focus on internal causes of others’ behaviors • Actor-Observer Effect - focus on external causes of your own behavior, but internal causes for others

  5. Biases in Attribution • Self-Serving Bias - attribute your successes to internal causes and your failures to external causes • Self-fulfilling Prophecy - your expectations cause someone to perform consistently with what you expected

  6. Persuasion: Two Routes • Central Route - facts and logic • Peripheral Route - emotion (style) • Which route works better depends on • Audience • Personal importance of topic

  7. Cognitive Dissonance • Our attitudes involve cognitive, affective, and behavioral components • When we notice a difference in these components, we experience discomfort • We are motivated to reduce the cognitive dissonance

  8. Methods of Persuasion • Foot in the Door • Door in the Face

  9. Factors Affecting Attraction • Environment • proximity • mere exposure effect • Similarity in personality, attitudes • Physical attractiveness • matching hypothesis

  10. Social Influence • Conformity • Obedience • Social Roles • Bystander Effect

  11. Conformity • Changing behavior to match behaviors of others • Asch’s line-judging study a b c

  12. Obedience • Tendency to follow orders from an authority figure • Milgram’s “shocking” study

  13. Social Roles • The Power of the Situation • The Stanford Prison Experiment

  14. Bystander Effect • Failure to give help when others are present • Diffusion of responsibility

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