Hazard Communication

1. Hazard Communication HAZCOM Standard OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 Developed by T. Michael Self, CPEA (Health & Safety) Southeast District

2. Course Goal The basic goal of a Hazard Communication Program is to be sure employers and employees know about work hazards and how to protect themselves; this should help to reduce the incidence of chemical source illness and injuries.

3. HAZCOM . . . OSHA has estimated that more than 32 million workers are exposed to 650,000 hazardous chemical products in more than 3 million American workplaces.* Does this pose a serious problem for exposed workers and their employers … What do you think? * OSHA.gov

4. What Does This Standard Do? The HCS provides workers the right-to-know concerning the hazards and the identities of the chemicals they are, or may have the potential to be, exposed to in the workplace.* * OSHA.gov

5. Seven Steps To Safety Success MSDS • Hazard Assessment • Develop a written HAZCOM Plan • Appointment of a HAZCOM Coordinator • Conduct the chemical inventory • Initiate labeling requirements • Maintain the MSDS library • Establish employee training Training Inventory Labeling HAZCOM Coordinator Plan Assessment

6. General Information • Effective May 23, 1988, OSHA regulations require that employees be made aware of hazardous substances in the workplace. • In general, each employee should be appraised of the hazardous properties of chemicals that they may encounter along with measures to take to protect themselves from these chemicals.

7. Hazard Determination • The standard requires that employers inventory all hazardous chemicals in the workplace and include that inventory as a part of the written hazard communication program. • This inventory will eventually serve as a master list for which a MSDS must be obtained and maintained.

8. Explosives Gases Flammable Liquids Flammable Solids Oxidizers Organic Peroxides Toxic Materials Infectious Substances Radioactive Materials Corrosive Materials What Are Some Of The Hazardous Materials?

9. Hazard Class 1Explosives Division 1.1 Explosives with a mass explosion hazard Division 1.2 Explosives with a projection hazard Division 1.3 Explosives with predominantly a fire hazard Division 1.4 Explosives with no significant blast hazards Division 1.5 Very insensitive explosives i.e. blasting agents Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive detonating articles

10. Hazard Class 2Gases • Division 2.1 Flammable Gases • Division 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic compressed gasses • Division 2.3 Gases toxic (poisonous) by inhalation • Division 2.4 Corrosive gases (Canada) Oxygen Acetylene Nitrogen Chlorine

11. Hazard Class 3Flammable Liquids • Includes combustible liquids [U.S.] Solvent Based Paints Mastics & Adhesives Pipe Joint Compounds Sealant Cleaning Solvents Glues Paint Strippers

12. Hazard Class 4Flammable Solids • Spontaneously combustible materials • Dangerous when wet materials Substances Liable to Spontaneous Combustion; Substanceswhich, in Contact with Water, Emit Flammable Gases

13. Hazard Class 5Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxide • Division 5.1 Oxidizers - A substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion of certain other substances. • Division 5.2 Organic Peroxides - A derivative of hydrogen peroxide in which part of the hydrogen has been replaced by an organic peroxide

14. Hazard Class 6Toxic Materials • Division 6.1 Toxic Materials • Division 6.2 Infectious Substances

15. Hazard Class 7Radioactive Materials

16. Hazard Class 8Corrosive Materials • A liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible damage to skin tissue at the point of contact, pH that has a severe corrosion rate on steel • Similar to RCRA corrosive definition but does not include specific pH thresholds

17. Develop a writtenHAZCOM Plan • What needs to be in this plan? I. POLICY II. PURPOSE III. RESPONSIBILITY IV. MATERIALS, INVENTORY, AUDITS V. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS) VI. LABELS AND LABELING VII. INFORMATION AND TRAINING VIII NON-ROUTINE WORK OR TASKS IX. INFORMING CONTRACTORS X. PROGRAM MAINTENANCE - OTHER FUNCTIONS

18. HAZCOM Coordinator • Just what does this person do?

19. Explosives Gases Flammable Liquids Flammable Solids Oxidizers Organic Peroxides Toxic Materials Infectious Substances Radioactive Materials Corrosive Materials Conduct The Chemical Inventory

20. Initiate Labeling Requirements In-plant containers of hazardous chemicals must be labeled, tagged, or marked with the identity of the material and appropriate hazard warnings.

21. Break Minutes

22. MSDS • Chemical manufacturers and importers are required to obtain or develop a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical they produce or import. Distributors are responsible for ensuring that their customers are provided a copy of these MSDSs. Employers must have an MSDS for each hazardous chemical which they use.* * OSHA.gov

23. Establish Employee Training Each employee who may be "exposed" to hazardous chemicals when working must be provided information and trained prior to initial assignment to work with a hazardous chemical, and whenever the hazard changes.

24. Employee Responsibilities • Know where to get information about hazardous substances used, stored, or handled at your inspection sites. • Learn to read labels and understand MSDSs. • Identify hazards before you begin a task. • Do not be afraid to ask questions. • Use personal protective equipment.

25. Practice Safe Work HabitsAt All Times!

26. Non-Routine Tasks Supervisors should ensure that employees are informed of potential chemical, biological, and physical hazards associated with the performance of any non-routine tasks along with appropriate personal protective measures.

27. Determination of HazardsandPersonal Protective Equipment Job Hazard Analysis Activity Hazard Analysis Job Safety Analysis

28. Hazard Recognition Look at the BIG picture! TREATMENT UNITS CONFINED SPACES FLAMMABLES BIOHAZARDS AIRBORNE MATERIALS CHEMICALS LABORATORIES PHYSICAL HAZARDS

29. THINK PAY ATTENTION DON’T DISREGARD POSSIBILITIES USE COMMON SENSE HAZARD RECOGNITION MEANS: • understand normal operations & equipment, understand hazards, use imagination: what could happen? • be aware of surroundings and nearby activities • unlikely doesn’t mean impossible • getting away with it so far doesn’t make it safe or smart to do

30. Case Studies . . . New York City Sanitation, November 1996 Michael Hanly, trash collector, killed while standing behind his truck as 70% hydrofluoric acid gas escaped from containers under compaction City workers in another location find six plastic jugs of hydrofluoric acid placed curbside with recyclables

31. air samples from solids handling buildings & headworks; 3 different WWTPs in 2 cities in Missouri, 1 sampled in spring, 2 in fall Results: hydrogen sulfide: BDL up to 95 ppm (NIOSH limit 10 ppm, OSHA limit 20 ppm) > 45 other VOCs, mostly below NIOSH/OSHA limits: toluene methyl ethyl ketone dimethyl sulfide trichloroethanes dimethyl sulfoxide 2-butanol dimethyl trisulfide 3-methyl 2-butanol NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluations 1994

32. Palm Springs PoliceSeptember 1995 • Contractor spray painting; 2 dispatch center employees unconscious, 20 more exposed. Blood tests detect benzene and trimethylbenzene. • Sgt. C. Dewalt remains to operate dispatch 5-6 hours after hospital warns of health hazard. Dewalt later develops pulmonary, nervous system, cardiovascular, and musculo-skeletal problems. • Benefits were in dispute; Dewalt termed negligent, however, he was finally awarded WC.

33. FDEP Site InvestigationNovember 1996 FDEP Staff sample site contaminated with Benlate fungicide and its breakdown product, butyl isocyanate gas. No information about possible hazardous exposures provided to staff; no PPE used. Employees suffered nosebleeds and skin irritation onsite, but did not leave.

34. Facility Inspector Illness1991 • Inspector encounters splashing droplets and mist from mixer at raw influent end of treatment system. No PPE provided or used, no signs, no abatement measures taken. • Inspector develops lung infection approx. 2 weeks later, becomes hospitalized, infection can’t be identified so source is unconfirmed. • Worker’s Comp denied.

35. Hazard RecognitionHeat Stress An employee experiences heat stress while investigating the derailment of a CSX freight train. The employee had to dress out in Level C (saranex suit) because the derailment released 40,000 gallons of sodium hydroxide. The derailment was located in a boggy area which necessitated him to trudge through thick mud and undergrowth; the weather was hot and humid. After about 30 minutes, the employee experienced weakness and lightheadedness. He was treated by EMS at the scene for electrolyte depletion and returned to duty that day.

36. HAZCOM Summary Protection under OSHA's HAZCOM Standard (HCS) includes all workers exposed to hazardous chemicals in all industrial sectors. This standard is based on a simple concept - that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and the identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working. They also need to know what protective measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring.

37. That’s All, Folks! Developed by T. Michael Self, CPEA (Health & Safety) Southeast District