Warm-Up

1. Warm-Up • Describe your personality. Why do you think you are this way? OBJ: SWBAT identify and describe aspects of Freud’s structure of personality and theory of psychosexual development. Relevance: Today we are learning about thisbecause Freud’s theories are widely used by psychologists exploring human personality.

2. Personality • Unique, relatively consistent pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving • Preferences – for how you handle situations, your sense of humor, or your expectations of others “You have a strong need for other people to like & admire you. You have a tendency to be critical of yourself. You have a great deal of unused capacity, which you have not turned to your advantage…disciplined & controlled on the outside, you tend to be worrisome & insecure inside…at times, you’re extraverted, affable, & sociable; at other times, you’re introverted, wary, & reserved”

3. Consciousness Conscious—Acute awareness Ego Preconscious—Just under awareness; easily known Superego Id Unconscious—Well below awareness; Difficult to know but very influential Freud’s Structure of Personality

4. Id, Ego, and Superego • Watch this short video on Freud’s structure of personality. • Write down 3 interesting facts as we are watching the movie. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i7DvpnOHlM

5. How the iceberg works • Id • Functions on ‘pleasure principle’ • Immediate gratification of needs to reduce tension & discomfort regardless of consequences • Superego • Functions on ‘idealistic principle’ • Our moral guide/conscience • Influenced by internalizing our parents’ values & the voice of society • Works against the Id by inflicting guilt

6. How the iceberg works (cont.) • Ego • Functions on ‘reality principle’ • Serves to balance the demands the Id and the Superego • Assesses what is realistically possible in satisfying the Id and/or Superego (i.e., what society will deem acceptable) • Ego uses defense mechanisms to protect itself • Personality is result of the battle for control between id, ego & superego

7. Defense Mechanisms • Denial • Denying the anxiety outright • Repression • Blocking out/prevention of anxiety – forcing anxiety back into unconscious • Rationalization • Creating false reasons or explanations for anxiety in the form of a shortcoming

8. Defense Mechanisms (cont.) • Projection • Seeing in others unacceptable feelings that reside in one’s own unconscious • Displacement • Acting out your anxiety on an innocent party • Scapegoating

9. Defense Mechanisms (cont.) • Reaction formation • Reversing the nature of the anxiety so that it feels like its opposite nature • Exaggerated love for someone you unconsciously hate • Sublimation • Channeling anxiety into socially-acceptable activities • Focusing sexual energy into art, music, etc.

10. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages • Periods of development • Sexual focus • Implications for adult personality • Fixation • Oral (Birth to 1½ yrs) • Gratification is centered around the mouth (e.g., breast-feeding, sucking, biting) • Anal (1½ to 3 yrs) • Gratification is centered around the pleasure of defecation; toilet-training is issue for resolution and development

11. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Stages • Phallic (3 to 6) • Gratification manifests itself through masturbation; resolution for development lies in identification w/ same-sex parent • Oedipus Complex • Boys have unconscious jealous love for mother and desire to kill the father; fear of castration by father leads to resolution with acceptance of/identification with father and internalization of father’s values • Strong superego results in this resolution • Electra Complex • Girls discover that they do not have a penis and desire one (“penis envy”); they direct their anger toward the mother for not providing a penis; jealous of mother forefather • Gradual realization that these desires are self-defeating; identification with mother results

12. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Stages • Latency (6 to puberty) • Sexual urges are repressed and transformed into socially acceptable activities, such as schoolwork and peer activities • Genital (puberty – adulthood) • Successful resolution and development into a mature sexual relationship • How to remember: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfkSSrHw--Y#aid=P9T_HFCkjKQ (start at 1:00)

13. Criticisms of Freud • Sexist • Freud’s theory was thought to be sexist against women (e.g., “penis envy”, underdeveloped superego) • Description rather than prediction • Subjective description, solely by Freud, and “after the fact” on a relatively small sample of patients, including himself! • His patients were mostly females from upper classes • Unverifiable concepts • How the heck can you directly confirm, disconfirm, or even observe the Oedipus Complex?! • Feels more mythical than scientific • Too many hypotheses for reactions to anxiety

14. But… • Freud’s theory…. • Was rich and comprehensive in description • 1st comprehensive theory of personality: every personality theory since can be seen as a reaction to Freud • Sparked psychoanalysis • Many still believe that psychoanalysis is the best treatment for mental illness • Was controversial and stretched the boundaries for creativity • Freud: “I am actually not a man of science, not an observer, not an experimenter, not a thinker. I am by temperament nothing but a conquistador—an adventurer…with all the curiosity, daring, and tenacity characteristic of a man of this sort.” • Why do you think his theory is still popular today? What do you like about it and why?

15. DOL • Given and exit card, SWBAT: • Write 3-5 sentences describing the structure of personality. • Write a definition for 3 of the 5 stages of psychosexual development.