Proteins

1. Proteins Hannah, Camden, Grant, and Martin

2. What Are Proteins? • “Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.” • “Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function.”

3. What Are Some Proteins? • Antibody: Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body. • Enzymes: Enzymes carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA. • Messenger: Messenger proteins, such as some types of hormones, transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs. • Structural Component: These proteins provide structure and support for cells. On a larger scale, they also allow the body to move. • Transport/Storage: These proteins bind and carry atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout the body.

4. Good Proteins • Seafood: Seafood is an excellent source of protein because it's usually low in fat. Fish such as salmon is a little higher in fat, but it is the heart-healthy kind: it has omega-3 fatty acids. • White Meat Poultry: Stick to the white meat of poultry for excellent, lean protein. Dark meat is a little higher in fat. The skin is loaded with saturated fat, so remove skin before cooking. • Milk, Cheese, and Yogurt: Not only are dairy foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt excellent sources of protein, but they also contain valuable calcium, and many are fortified with vitamin D. Choose skim or low-fat dairy to keep bones and teeth strong and help prevent osteoporosis. • Beans: One-half cup of beans contains as much protein as an ounce of broiled steak. Plus, these nutritious nuggets are loaded with fiber to keep you feeling full for hours.

5. Good Proteins • Some other good proteins include: • Pork Tenderloin • Soy • Lean Beef

6. Good Proteins • Protein at Breakfast: Research shows that including a source of protein like an egg or Greek yogurt at breakfast along with a high-fiber grain like whole wheat toast can help you feel full longer and eat less throughout the day. • Proteins on the Go: If you don't have time to sit down for a meal, grab a meal replacement drink, cereal bar, or energy bar. Check the label to be sure the product contains at least six grams of protein and is low in sugar and fat.

7. Bad Proteins • Saturated fat- Protein that comes from animal sources like red meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products contain a type of fat known as saturated fat. Eating foods high in saturated fat can raise LDL cholesterol in the blood. When LDL cholesterol accumulates, it can form plaque in the arteries and limit blood flow, resulting in heart disease. Protein sources high in saturated fat include fatty meats and whole-milk products.

8. Bad Proteins • Red meat- In addition to being a source of saturated fat, red meat has been linked to certain cancers and diabetes. A study published online in the "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition" in August 2011 found a link between the consumption of processed red meat and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. According to the American Cancer Society, red and processed meats have also been associated with colon and prostate cancer. Processed red meat includes foods like bacon, sausage, deli meats and hot dogs. Limiting your intake of these foods is recommended

9. Bad Protein • · Animal protein is more complete and contains more essential amino acids – the amino acids we can’t synthesize in our bodies and thus require in our diets for optimal health – than plant protein. • · Contrary to popular belief, dietary animal protein is consistently associated with greater bone mineral density and fewer bone fractures (PDF), while dietary plant protein is associated with lower bone mineral density. Animal protein may increase calcium excretion, but it increases calcium absorption to a greater degree, resulting in a net positive effect on bone health. • · Plant proteins often come with plant toxins, while animal protein is generally harmless. That’s probably why plant protein consumption has been linked to increased disease risk and animal protein consumption has little to no effect. Heck, the plant proteins often are toxins themselves, as with the case of wheat gluten. • · It takes more calories to get adequate amounts of protein on a vegetarian diet. Living on beans and tofu increases the amount of carbohydrates in one’s diet significantly (and unnecessarily).

10. Effects of Good Proteins • Good protein gives your muscles what they need to build and your body to regenerate and heal itself.

11. Effects of Bad Proteins • Bad protein put a lot of strain on your kidneys to filter all of the bad stuff out and can cause permanent damage. It can also cause high cholesterol.

12. Protein Deficiency • Some side affects are: • Weight loss • Thinning or brittle hair • Hair loss • Ridges or deep lines in fingers or toe nails • Skin rashes • Muscle soreness • Bedsores • Headaches, nausea, fainting, and difficulty sleeping • Slowness in healing wounds

13. Protein Overload • Forces the body to go into a ketosis state. That is when the body is creating or producing ketones from burning fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. The ketones are in the blood and the kidneys have to work hard to clean it up. During the process it will cause dehydration and may cause kidney stones. • Effects include: • Elevated risks of osteoporosis • Kidney stones • Kidney disease • Heart disease • Cancer

15. Bibliography • http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/guide/good-protein-sources • http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/protein