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Unit 1: Foundations & Development

This overview explores the foundations and development of colonial North America, highlighting the types of government including royal, proprietary, joint-stock, and self-governing models. It covers the establishment of Jamestown in 1607, religious dissenters like Puritans and Quakers, and the economic framework based on mercantilism and plantation systems. The document also examines the triangular trade and the impact of slavery, the role of Native Americans, and key events such as Bacon's Rebellion, reflecting on the rich diversity and struggles of early colonial life.

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Unit 1: Foundations & Development

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  1. Unit 1: Foundations & Development Colonial North America

  2. Types of Colonial Government • Royal – run by the King • Proprietary – given by King for one person to run • Joint-Stock – owned and run by investors • Self-governing – started and run by themselves

  3. Jamestown • Established in 1607 • First permanent English settlement • Was a joint-stock colony, made profit from tobacco • In present day Virginia

  4. Religious Dissenters • Pilgrims – built settlement called Plymouth in 1620 in modern day Massachusetts. • Wanted to separate from church of England • Quakers – persecuted for their beliefs • Pacifists (against war); settled Pennsylvania • Catholics – members of original Christian church & persecuted in England • Founded Maryland • Puritans – wanted to purify Church of England • Settled in Massachusetts • Famous for their persecution of “witches” during the Salem Witch Trials of the 1600s

  5. Colonial Economy • Mercantilism—theory that a country should sell more goods than it buys • Gave Britain a favorable balance of trade (they made money) • Strain on colonies, only sell cheap raw goods to Britain whereas they buy only expensive products • Plantation system—large farm in which slave labor or other workers are used to grow a cash crop • Indentured servants were the other workers, people contracted to work for a certain period of time in return for travel expenses, shelter, and food

  6. New England Colonies • Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire. • Mostly Puritan • Farming difficult • Made a living by fishing and trade

  7. Middle Colonies • New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware • Rich soil • Expand Trade • DIVERSE • Many different religions and professions

  8. Southern Colonies • Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia • Very hot, humid • Good crops • Plantations • More religious toleration

  9. Slavery • Favored over indentured servants • Brought from Africa to America on the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade Route • Africa (slaves) • America/Caribbean (rum, sugar, cotton, raw materials) • England (manufactured goods) • Draw a diagram of the triangular trade route in your notes

  10. Native Americans • Already in America, many were killed off by disease • Numbers too small to fight off Europeans • Many deaths also occurred due to conflicts, population plummeted • Although there was violence, some groups were able to coexist peacefully…at least for a little while

  11. Bacon’s Rebellion • Native Americans seen as a threat • Nathaniel Bacon, a farmer, reacted to his hatred of N.A. in 1676 • He raised an army of farmers on the Virginia frontier to fight them • Successful on the frontier—but still mad • He marched his men to Jamestown to confront officials about lack of representation in the frontier and unfair high taxes • He and his men set fire to the town and almost completely destroyed it

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