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Rocks

Learn about the formation, types, and cycle of rocks including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Explore their chemical composition, texture, and geological features.

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Rocks

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  1. Rocks CHAPTER 6 EXIT CHAPTER 6.1How Rocks Form 6.2Igneous Rocks 6.3Sedimentary Rocks 6.4Metamorphic Rocks CHAPTER OUTLINE

  2. 6.1How Rocks Form CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY In general, a rock is a group of minerals bound together. rock igneous Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are formed, broken down, and reformed in a recurring process called the rock cycle. magma sedimentary sediment metamorphic rock cycle SECTION OUTLINE click image to enlarge

  3. 6.2Igneous Rock Granite is igneous rock formed from felsic magma. Basalt is igneous rock formed from mafic magma. CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Igneous rocks form as molten rock solidifies, as magma deep in the crust or lava at Earth’s surface cool. felsic mafic pluton Felsic magmas form light-colored, silica-rich rocks. Mafic magmas form dark-colored rocks rich in iron and magnesiums. batholith Igneous rock texture depends mainly on the rate at which magma or lava cools. SECTION OUTLINE

  4. 6.2Igneous Rock Chemical Composition Texture coarse- grained fine- grained glassy porous felsic granite rhyolite obsidian most pumice felsic- intermediate granodiorite intermediate diorite andesite basalt glass mafic gabbro basalt scoria peridotite, dunite, pyroxenite ultramafic CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Igneous rocks are grouped into families by mineral composition and texture. felsic mafic pluton batholith diabase SECTION OUTLINE

  5. 6.2Igneous Rock Volcanic neck Laccolith Volcano Stock Dike Sill CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Magma that solidifies underground forms various types of igneous intrusions. felsic mafic pluton batholith Batholith SECTION OUTLINE

  6. 6.3Sedimentary Rock CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Sedimentary rocks form from sediments that result from weathering and erosion of rock at Earth’s surface. They often occur in layers, formed over time as different sediments are deposited on top of each other. cementation stratification fossil SECTION OUTLINE

  7. 6.3Sedimentary Rock Clastic: Sandstone Chemical: Rock Salt Flat Organic: Limestone Cliffs CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Sedimentary rocks are grouped by the type of sediment from which they form: clastic, chemical, or organic. cementation stratification fossil SECTION OUTLINE

  8. 6.3Sedimentary Rock Sands and Gravels Silt and Clay Sands Conglomerate Sandstone Shale CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Clastic sediments are often sorted by water action before pressure and mineral cements turn them into rock. cementation stratification fossil 1. A river moves sediment into a lake. 2. Particles are sorted by size. The largest gravels are the first to be deposited, followed by sands, and then silt and clay. 3. Over time, the sediments are buried, compacted, and may be cemented. SECTION OUTLINE

  9. 6.3Sedimentary Rock CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Clastic sediments are often sorted by water action before pressure and mineral cements turn them into rock. cementation stratification fossil Fossils, ripple marks, mud cracks, nodules, concretions, and geodes features associated with sedimentary rocks. SECTION OUTLINE

  10. 6.4Metamorphic Rock becomes becomes Shale Slate becomes Phyllite Schist CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Metamorphic rocks form when heat or pressure or both alter parent, or preexisting, rocks. parent rock metamorphism deform SECTION OUTLINE

  11. 6.4Metamorphic Rock CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks VOCABULARY Metamorphic rocks form when heat or pressure or both alter parent, or preexisting, rocks. parent rock metamorphism deform Metamorphism can occur across a region, as in mountain building events, or it can occur in smaller local areas. A metamorphic rock may be described and identified according to its parent rock, mineral composition, and texture. SECTION OUTLINE

  12. CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER HOME Rocks This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the CHAPTER HOME button or exit the presentation.

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