Groups

1. Britain Michael Cheung (Presenter) Sharice Washington (Presenter) Angelina Gomez (Reader) Yvonne Li (Reader) Tere-Li Chavez (Facilitator) Jay Xu (Recorder) United States Cheyenne Danner (Presenter) May Duong (Reader) Daryl Drummer (Presenter) Guy Lau (Reader) Wilson Liang (Facilitator) Peter Lee (Recorder) U.S.S.R. Kev Demirjian (Facilitator) Tania Martinez (Presenter) Cadence Peng (Presenter) Amy Chen (Reader) Eric Jiang (Reader) Wayman Leung (Recorder) France Gabriel Vasquez-Chan (Facilitator) Anthony Brown (Reader) Joel Lee (Recorder) Douglas Martinez (Reader) Eddie Whitfield (Presenter) Charlene Xu (Presenter) Groups

2. Homework • How necessary was World War II? Write a one page response and be sure to include: • A discussion of appeasement • The Success of the League of Nations • An assessment of Allied actions during the following events • Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931 • Italian invasion of Ethiopia • Japanese invasion of China (Rape of Nanking) 1937 • German invasion of Czechoslovakia (1938) • German invasion of Poland

3. World War II The Price of Appeasement

4. League of Nations • Purpose: • Provide a forum for nations to resolve disputes • Protect the territorial integrity of member nations • Oversee the process of disarmament • Membership: • Any country can join but must accept its authority • Countries can withdraw with 2 year notice • Structure: • General Assembly composed of all Members • Secretariat • Creation of a council of members to deal with international problems • Permanent Court of International Justice

5. Invasion of Manchuria 1931 • Japan uses an alleged terrorist attack on a railway as a pretext to invade Manchuria. • China petitions the League to intervene What Should the League do?

6. Event 1: Invasion of Manchuria How do you think your country responded to the Invasion of Manchuria? • Unconditionally supported Japan ‘s invasion • Proclaimed neutrality ( not supporting either side) • Negotiated an agreement with Japan that allowed Japan to take over Manchuria if they promised to make no more demands on China • Voted to impose economic sanctions on Japan • Opposed Japan’s invasion but did not threaten to declare war on Japan • Threatened to declare war on Japan if it did not evacuate Manchuria

7. Reactions • Through the League of Nations, most countries (except the U.S. and Soviet Russia) condemned Japan, citing that there was no evidence that the invasion of Manchuria could be considered “self-defense” as the Japanese claimed. The United States, not a member of the League, stated it would not honor any treaty that threatened Chinese sovereignty. The Soviet Union, also not a member of the League, gave little reaction and stayed out of the affair, although Japanese forces in Manchuria were now a possible military threat to the U.S.S.R.

8. Italy Invades Ethiopia 1936 • Mussolini wishing to restore Italy’s honor seeks to invade Ethiopia • Italian troops use Poison Gas on Ethiopian troops and villages What Should the League do?

9. Event 2: Italy invades Ethiopia • How do you think your country responded to the invasion of Ethiopia? • Unconditionally supported Italy’s invasion • Proclaimed neutrality ( not supporting either side) • Negotiated an agreement with Italy that allowed it to take over Ethiopia in return for their support in helping to contain Germany. • Voted to impose economic sanctions • Opposed Italy’s invasion but did not threaten to declare war on Italy. • Threatened to declare war on Italy if it did not evacuate Ethiopia

10. Reactions • The League responded slowly to this event. Behind the scenes, countries were attempting to maintain alliances with Italy to stem German aggression. The League eventually imposed sanctions but these were uneven and did not affect important resources like oil.

11. “The China Incident” 1937 • Japan invades China • Japanese forces commit outrageous atrocities on the population of the Chinese city of Nanjing. What Should the League do?

12. Event 3: Invasion of China • How do you think your country responded to the Invasion of China? • Unconditionally supported Japan ‘s invasion • Proclaimed neutrality ( not supporting either side) • Negotiated an agreement with Japan that allowed Japan to take over Manchuria if they promised to make no more demands on China • Opposed Japan’s invasion but did not threaten to declare war on Japan • Threatened to declare war on Japan did not evacuate Manchuria

13. Reactions • By this time, Japan had pulled out of the League of Nations. The League held many meetings with the U.S. and eventually the Soviet Union as observers. Ultimately there was no international reaction and Japan continued its aggressive military policies.

14. Crisis in Czechoslovakia 1938 • Hitler demands the return of former German territory, the Sudatenland in Czechoslovakia • Cites discrimination against ethnic Germans • Promises peace if his conditions are met What Should the League do?

15. Event 4: The Czechoslovakia Crisis • How do you think your country responded to the Czechoslovakia Crisis? • Unconditionally supported Germany’s demands • Proclaimed neutrality ( not supporting either side) • Negotiated an agreement with Hitler that allowed Germany to take the Sudetenland if he promised to make no more demands on Czechoslovakia • Opposed Germany’s demands but did not threaten to declare war on Germany if it tried to take the Sudetenland • Voted to impose economic sanctions • Threatened to declare war on Germany if it tried to take the Sudetenland

16. Reactions • The League of Nations did nothing to stop these events. Britain and France, eager to avoid war at all costs tried to negotiate with Hitler. At the Munich Conference in September of 1938, France, Britain, Italy, and Germany met to resolve the situation. Hitler won and annexed the Sudetenland. The U.S.S.R. agreed to offer military support if Germany attempted any further territorial gains in Czechoslovakia. The U.S. did not act.

17. Germany invades Czechoslovakia 1939 • Germany makes unreasonable demands on Czech government. • Czechs refuse • German troops march into Czechoslovakia in March 1938 What Should the League do?

18. Event 5: The Violation of the Munich Pact • How do you think your country responded to the violation of the Munich Pact? • Supported Germany’s annexation of Czechoslovakia • Declared war on Germany for breaking the Munich Pact • Continued to rely on appeasement, hoping that Germany had finished its territorial aggression • Attempted to negotiate with Germany to pull out of Czechoslovakia • Proclaimed neutrality • Proclaimed neutrality, but prepared for a defensive war in case of invasion

19. Germany Threatens Poland 1939 • Hitler demands access to German territory of Prussia through the Polish Corridor • Threatens to invade if permission is not granted What Should the League do?

20. Event 6: German Demands on Poland • How do you think your country responded to the German demands on Poland? • Proclaimed neutrality • Proclaimed neutrality, but prepared for a defensive war in case of invasion. • Provided financial assistance to the Allies (all countries fighting against Germany and its allies, called the Axis powers) • Joined Germany in its invasion of Poland • Declared war on Germany, and hoped Germany would retreat from Poland, but did not actually fight • Declared war on Germany and sent troops to fight the Germans

21. Reactions • Britain and France strongly opposed Hitler’s of Poland. The U.S.S.R. signed a nonaggressionpact with Germany and the two countries agreed to split up the country after Hitler’s invasion. The U.S. remained uninvolved.

22. Germany Invades Poland 1939 • German forces invade Poland in major Blitzkrieg attack • Hopelessly outmatched Poland falls in four weeks What Should the League do?

23. Homework • How necessary was World War II? Write a one page response and be sure to include: • A discussion of appeasement • An assessment of Allied actions during the following events • Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931 • Italian invasion of Ethiopia • Japanese invasion of China (Rape of Nanking) 1937 • German invasion of Czechoslovakia (1938) • German invasion of Poland