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Waste System

Waste System. Pg. 190-193. Solubility Pg. 17. There is a limit to the amount of solute you can add to a solvent Solution = solvent + solute Ex: Kool-aid = water + kool-aid powder

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Waste System

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  1. Waste System Pg. 190-193

  2. Solubility Pg. 17 • There is a limit to the amount of solute you can add to a solvent • Solution = solvent + solute • Ex: Kool-aid = water + kool-aid powder • Have you ever made hot chocolate and could not get the powder in the bottom to mix in (no matter how long you stirred?) • This is because your hot chocolate reached solubility

  3. Solubility • The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent • Name the solute, solvent and solution in the following examples: • Ice tea, ice tea powder, water • Salt, salt water, water • Water, grapes, wine • Concentration is measure C= m/v

  4. Concentration • C=m/v • C= concentration • m = mass of solute (g) • v = volume of solvent (L) • Find the concentration of salt when 5g of salt is added to 2L of water. What is the final solution?

  5. Solubility • Just like concentration, solubility can be expressed with many units • g/L • Percent mass (%m/V) • Percent volume (%V/V) • Percent mass (%m/m) • If there is less than the maximum amount of solute (not enough salt in soup) it is called unsaturated

  6. Solubility • If it contains exactly the maximum amount of solute (you do not need to add any salt to your soup) it is called Saturated • If it contains more than the maximum amount of solute it is called supersaturated • In most cases the extra solute is called a Precipitate

  7. Solubility • Depends on many factors • Nature of the solute (will sand ever dissolve in water?) • Temperature (does cold water or hot make sugar dissolve faster?) • Pressure (do you think it is easier to make Kool-aid at sea level or up on Mount Everest?)

  8. Temperature variations Pg. 18 • When temperature increases so does the solubility of many solids • Solubility of many gases decreases when temperature increases • Fig 1.21 and 1.22 what do you see?? • Table 1.23 how is the dissolving of sugar changed? Explain what you see…

  9. Aqueous solution • What does aqueous mean? Anything sound familiar? • As soon as you add water (solvent) to a solute it becomes an aqueous solution • Write an example of an aqueous solution and describe the solvent and solute for me. ______________________________________________________________________________

  10. Dissolution • When you have too much solute compared to solvent • Give an example…what about soup? • How would this change your concentration? • Can you explain this using the particle model? • Pg. 16 use the idea from Dilution • Draw it out for me…

  11. Dilution • When you have too much solvent compared to solute • Give an example…what about soup? • How would this change your concentration? • Can you explain this using the particle model? Pg. 16 • Draw it out for me…

  12. Dilution pg. 16 • How would your concentration change after you dilute your solution? (increase or decrease?) • You need to be able to show me mathematically as well as with the particle model • Mathematically we use the formula C1V1= C2V2 what is C1?V1?C2?V2?

  13. Dilution problem on pg. 16 • Let’s do the math together… SHOW YOUR WORK!

  14. Dilution • Problem 2 I have 2 L of lemonade with a concentration of 4g/L, but Alex tells me it is too sweet so I add 2 more litres of water. What is the new concentration of the lemonade? Show your work.

  15. Dilution homework • Complete the Dilution worksheet I gave you March 12th • For homework and it is for marks!!

  16. Urinary System • The elimination of waste from the body • Cellular activity can produce waste that is toxic to the body and must be eliminated • EXCRETION is the process by which waste products are eliminated from the body • Main organs that eliminate waste: lungs, kidneys and sweat glands

  17. Sweat glands • There are ~ 2 500 000 sweat glands on the surface of your body • These glands secrete sweat by means of a channel that opens on the skin’s surface • Sweating or perspiration is a mechanism that helps to regulate body temperature (mainly in hot weather or when we exert ourselves) • Sweat is made up of water and waste materials from the blood • This is why sweat plays a role in excretion

  18. Urinary System • Main parts include: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra • The tubes that carry urine are the ureters and urethra • Pg. 191 Fg 6.47 make sure you can label all the parts and know where they are located • Table 6.48 pg. 192 explains the description and function of the main parts…KNOW THEM!!

  19. Kidneys • Description: • Function:

  20. Ureters • Description: • Function:

  21. Bladder • Description: • Function:

  22. Urethra • Description: • Function:

  23. Summary • What is solubility? • What can affect solubility of a substance (like solid or gas)? • Describe solute, solvent and solution and how they can make a concentration • What is an aqueous solution? • How would you use C1V1=C2V2?

  24. Summary • What is dissolution? • Can you draw it? • What is dilution? • Explain it using concentration and volume • Name the main parts of the urinary system • What are their functions? • What is the main role of the excretory system?

  25. Almost done… Pg. 192 • Main components of urine… • The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste and creating a liquid called urine • Urea is the chief waste product from the blood • It is created when the cells use protein to produce energy and amino acids are oxidized (oxygen and energy) • Write the equation for this oxidization: _________________________________________

  26. More on urine • Kidneys also help keep blood in balance • They stabilize the amount of water in the blood, constant concentration of mineral balance • If the blood contains excess (too much) water or minerals, the kidneys EXCRETE them • Urine: • Water (90%) • Urea (2.5%)and other waste • Minerals • Excess substances in blood (if you took a multi-vitamin you would pee out whatever is not absorbed…so you should eat FRESH and real food whenever possible)

  27. And more… • Urine could also contain… • Protein, glucose, fats and blood cells (BUT if this is in your urine it is a bad health sign) • Traces of medication or drugs (this is why athletes have to do urine checks to see about Doping/steroids) • Amount of urine produced by body can depend on concentration of minerals in blood and amount of water in body

  28. Urine • If mineral concentrations is too low, the kidneys excrete more water, Raising the level of minerals • BUT if the body lacks water, the concentration of minerals in the body is too high, the kidneys Excrete LESS water so we feel thirsty. • This the body’s way of letting you know you need to drink more liquid and help maintain homeostasis!!!

  29. Homework • Pg. 197 • # 18-20 • Due next class • On a Loose Leaf paper so I can pick it up • HAVE FUN!!! 

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