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Bio Unit 7 Notes: Biotech & GMOs

Biotechnology leverages organisms to create valuable products by altering their DNA for new characteristics like improved growth, health, and desired traits. This fundamental process employs artificial selection, a traditional method of breeding for specific traits in crops and animals. More recently, genetic engineering has emerged as a groundbreaking yet controversial method for altering DNA directly, leading to the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and transgenic species. Applications of biotechnology include cloning, gene therapy for genetic disorders, and stem cell research for tissue and organ regeneration.

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Bio Unit 7 Notes: Biotech & GMOs

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  1. Bio Unit 7 Notes: Biotech & GMOs

  2. Biotechnology: the use of organisms to develop or make useful products

  3. GOAL: Change an organism’s DNA to give it new traits Benefits can include: healthier, stronger, faster growing, new variety, needed or desired traits Possible because ALL organisms use the same genetic code

  4. Artificial Selection: selectively breeding organisms for a desired trait

  5. Artificial Selection Is An Ancient Method • Crops & Animals have been bred by farmers to be • Larger • Healthier • Or just to have a specific look or taste

  6. Artificial Selected Organisms Are Common

  7. Genetic Engineering: directly changing an organisms DNA

  8. Human Genome Project Sequenced and indentified all of the DNA Mapped where every gene is on each chromosome

  9. Proteomics Study of all the proteins REMEMBER: All DNA is transcribed but not all of it is translated to make proteins

  10. Genetic Engineering Is New And Controversial

  11. Genetic Engineering Changes The DNA • Recombinant DNA = DNA that contains genes from more than one organism • Transgenic Organisms = Organisms that contain genes from other species in their DNA • Also referred to as GMOs • Genetically Modified Organisms

  12. Other Biotech - Cloning • Creating a genetic copy of an organism • Useful for: • manufacturing tissue • Producing more transgenic individuals

  13. Other Biotech – Gene Therapy • Altering or Adding genes to treat a genetic disorder • Many treatments are still being tested • Useful for: • Diabetes • Cancer • Hemophilia • Eventually any genetic disorder

  14. Other Biotech – Stem Cells • Stem cells have not yet specialized, so they can become any body cell • Useful for replacing tissue or organs • Useful for: • Growing new organs • Repairing G0 cells that normally don’t repair after damage

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