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Integrated Pest Management for Master Gardeners

Integrated Pest Management for Master Gardeners. University of Florida, IFAS. Norm Leppla. Leppla’s Career. University of Arizona- Insect Behavior & Rearing Research (2 yr ) USDA, ARS- Pest Management & Biological Control, FL & TX (17 yr )

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Integrated Pest Management for Master Gardeners

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  1. Integrated Pest Management for Master Gardeners University of Florida, IFAS Norm Leppla

  2. Leppla’s Career • University of Arizona- Insect Behavior & Rearing Research (2 yr) • USDA, ARS- Pest Management & Biological Control, FL & TX (17 yr) • USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, Washington DC & International (7 yr) • University of Florida- Administration & Integrated Pest Management (15 yr)

  3. Introduction (Session 1) • Introduction (Topics, Session 1 & 2) • History of IPM (Agriculture, Urban) • What is IPM? (Definitions) • Reactions to pest outbreaks • IPM practices and applications • Break IPM topics from Master Gardeners?

  4. Introduction (Session 2) • Sources of IPM information • Purchasing and using natural enemies • Pesticide use and safety • IPM education, training and certification • Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere IPM topics from Master Gardeners?

  5. History of IPM 1939- DDT introduced, resistance 1947 1940s- Pesticide use grows 1940s and 1950s 1950s- Thousands of pesticides registered (~$40 billion worldwide by 2007) The “Magic bullet“ mindset established

  6. History of IPM 1959- Integrated Control Concept: Stern, Smith, van den Bosch, and Hagen 1969- Rachael Carson, Silent Spring 1969-National Environmental Policy Act (CEQ) 1970-EPA established (pesticide registration) 1972-FIFRA extensively amended (first passed in 1947) 1972-EPA cancels most uses of DDT 1975- CES Extension IPM, every state ($0.5-$1.5 million)

  7. What is IPM? Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, is a long-standing, science-based decision-making process that identifies and reduces risks from pests and pest management strategies. It coordinates information on pest biology, the environment, and availabletechnology to preventunacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means, while posing the least risk to people, property, resources, and the environment. IPM provides an effective strategy for managing pests from developed agricultural, residential, and public areas to wild lands. IPM provides an effective, all encompassing, sustainable approach to protect natural resources, crops, animals and people from pests. IPM recommendations are frequently recognized as Best Management Practices (BMP’s) to manage weeds, disease and insects for production of food and fiber (USDA National Road Map for Integrated Pest Management).

  8. What Causes Pest Outbreaks? Alien invasive species Disrupted environments Pesticide resistance Local invasions Perceptions Others causes?

  9. Reactionto Pest Outbreak Alien Invasive Pest • Resistant Crop • Competitors • Natural enemies • Resistant varieties Vulnerable Crop • Pesticide program: • Application methods • Resistance management • New pesticides • Integrated pest management program: • Cultural practices • Scouting, Identification of pests and NE • Conservation of natural enemies • Augmentation of natural enemies • Reduced-risk insecticides • Resistance management

  10. IPM in Structures and Landscapes

  11. IPM System • Pest outbreaks & disease epidemics • Environmental contamination • Human health hazards • Pest mgmt. costs • Reduce • risk… INCREASE… • Reliability • Sustainability Chem Biological Control Cultural Methods

  12. IPM Practices

  13. Generic IPM Program • Biological knowledge • Monitoring and inspection • Act to control pests when necessary • Choose least-risk options • Long-term, preventative practices • Evaluation and records • Pesticide management • Continual improvement

  14. Where is IPM practiced?

  15. Break

  16. Introduction (Session 2) • Sources of IPM information • Purchasing and using natural enemies • Pesticide use and safety • IPM education, training and certification • Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere IPM topics from Master Gardeners?

  17. http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu IPM Floridaprovides statewide, interdisciplinary and inter-unit coordination and assistance for UF/IFAS integrated pest management research Extension and education faculty

  18. Direct Access to IPM Information • Habitat-specific integrated pest • management guides, fact sheets, • EDIS articles, Featured Creatures, etc. •  Links to specialized websites with pest • management information specific • to a crop or situation. • Key contacts for expert advice on • managing pests. •  Additional resources for pest • identification and management, • e.g., diagnostic services.

  19. Extension Guides

  20. Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) The EDIS website is a comprehensive, single-source repository of all current UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed publications (about 7,500). http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/

  21. Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS) • Agriculture • Community Development • Environment • Families & Consumers • 4H Youth development • Lawn & Garden • Aquaculture • Crops • Livestock • Nursery & GH • Organic farming • Agricultural safety • Small farms • Turf & sod

  22. Featured Creatures provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms. The site is a cooperative venture of the University of Florida's Department of Entomology and Nematology and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services' Division of Plant Industry. All articles are official publications of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

  23. Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Fined $12.5 Million in February 2012 • pled guilty to “illegally applying insecticides to its wild bird food products that are toxic to birds, falsifying pesticide registration documents, distributing pesticides with misleading and unapproved labels and distributing unregistered pesticides” • The insecticides added to Scotts wild bird food products were Actellic 5E and Storcide II

  24. Pesticide Information • UF/IFAS Pesticide Information Office • CDMS- ChemSearch • CDMS- http://www.cdms.net/ • LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx • EPA- http://www.epa.gov/ • opp00001/regulating/ • registering/data_sources.htm • Extension Pesticide Applicator Training

  25. Extension Diagnostic Services What can the Gainesville campus diagnostic laboratories do for a master gardener volunteer client? Anthony Camerino Citrus County Extension Master Gardener Volunteer Coordinator IPM Florida Presentation Number 18

  26. Plant Identification Extension Soil Testing Plant Disease Clinic & Nematode Assay Insect Identification

  27. How to Send a Sample to Gainesville and Receive the Results? Master Gardener Volunteer Plant Clinic/Phone Room Maybe if I put enough stuff in this box, put a stamp on it, and send it to Gainesville someone will tell me what’s wrong with my plant? I can’t diagnosis your problem here, but I can get your sample to the right lab for an accurate and timely diagnosis.

  28. FDACS, Division of Agricultural Environmental Services, Bureau of Pesticides- Online Pesticide Registration System Florida Pesticide Product Data 15584 Products Registered Select and Submit Search Option http://www.flpesticide.us/

  29. Pesticide Resistance Steve Toth Southern Region IPM Center Tom Anderson FMC Corporation Fred Fishel UF/IFAS http://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/files/uploads/pptdocs/05sh-pesticides-new.pdf http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/pdfs/pesticide_applicator/Insecticide%20Resistance.pdf

  30. http://www.irac-online.org/

  31. IRAC Insecticide Classification Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (Carbamates, Carbaryl; Organophosphates, Malathion) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists (Cyclodiene organochlorines, chlordane; Phenylpyrazoles, Fipronil) Sodium channel modulators (Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, Bifenthrin; DDT, Methoxychlor, DDT) Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (Neonicotinoids, Imidacloprid; Nicotine Nicotine; Sulfoxaflor, Sulfoxaflor Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators (Spinosyns, Spinosad) Chloride channel activators (Avermectins, Abamectin; Milbemycins) Juvenile hormone mimics (Juvenile hormone analogues, Methoprene, Fenoxycarb, Pyriproxyfen) Miscellaneous nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitors (Alky halides, Methyl bromide, Chloropicrin, Sulfuryl fluoride) Selective homopteran feeding blockers (Pymetrozine, Flonicamid) Mite growth inhibitors (Clofentezine) Microbial disruptor of insect midgut membranes (Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they produce; Bacillus sphaericus) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Diafenthiuron; Organotin miticides, Azocyclotin) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient (Chlorfenapyr; Sulfuramid) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (Nereistoxin analogues, Bensultap) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0 (Benzoylureas, Diflubenzuron) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 (Buprofezin) Moulting disruptor, Dipteran (Cyromazine) Ecdysone receptor agonists (Diacylhydrazines, Tebufenozide) Octopaminergic receptor agonists (Amitraz) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors (Hydramethylnon) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors (METI acaricides and insecticides, Fenpyroximate, Rotenone) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers (Indoxacarb) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase - Lipid synthesis, growth regulation (Tetronic and Tetramic acid derivatives, Spirotetramat) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors (Zinc phosphide, Cyanide) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors (Beta-ketonitrile derivatives, Cyenopyrafen) Vacant Vacant Ryanodine receptor modulators (Diamides, Chlorantraniliprole) (UN) Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action

  32. USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS • Environmental Hazards • Directions for Use • AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS • NON-AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS • LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIABILITY • RISKS OF USING THIS PRODUCT • RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT • RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS • Plant tolerance • Mixing instructions • Spray drift management • APPLICATION PROCEDURES • RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS • APPLICATION ON PLANTS FOR PESTS • STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

  33. IPM Extension In-Service Training • Hands-On IPM Training Through UF Living Extension IPM Laboratory - Bob Hochmuth • The Role of Cover Crops in Integrated Pest Management – Danielle Treadwell • Habitat Manipulations for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell • Beneficial Wildlife: Animals Helpful to Have On Your Farm - Holly Ober • Selective Tactics Used in IPM for Reducing Pest Populations in Fruit and Vegetable Production - Oscar Liburd • Traps and Soft Insecticides for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell • Is It a Good Bug or a Bad Bug? - Susan Webb • Fruit Orchard IPM - Russ Mizell • Agronomic Crop IPM - Elena Toro • Peanut Insect Management - David Adams, University of Georgia http://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/downloads/index.html

  34. Vegetable Crop IPM – Sunflowers as a Trap Crop

  35. IPM Education and Training Pest Prevention and Detection • Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat manipulation and other cultural practices • Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., crops or buildings • Know the life cycles of the host plants, pests and beneficial organisms • Understand the ecology and adaptability of the organisms

  36. IPM Education and Training Pest Identification and Management • Utilize scouting and other monitoring techniques • Accurately identify key pest and beneficial organisms • Apply damage, economic and other action thresholds • Design systems of mitigation that minimize environmental impacts

  37. IPM Education and Training General Knowledge and Professionalism • Practice safe and appropriate use of pesticides and other IPM tactics • Know current laws and regulations pertinent to pest management • Be able to rapidly access pest management information • Be involved in pest management and related organizations

  38. IPM Capabilities • Education & experience. An inter-disciplinary education in the traditional scientific disciplines plus hands-on, practical experience is essential. • Synthesis & integration. Education and training prepare pest managers to synthesize knowledge from across disciplines and integrate pest management within entire production systems.

  39. IPM Capabilities • Problem solving & critical thinking. Experience is gained in accurately diagnosing and rapidly solving plant health problems while minimizing environmental impacts and economic losses. • Speaking & writing effectively. Superior communication skills, both written and verbal, are required to effectively communicate IPM principles and practices.

  40. IPM Education, Training and Certification University of Florida (http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu) • B.S., M.S. (thesis or not-thesis), Ph.D. degrees in Entomology or Nematology • Distance M.S. degree with a specialization in Entomology or Pest Management, or a Certificate in Urban Pest Management, Landscape Pest Management, or Pest Control Technology • Doctor of Plant Medicine (non-thesis, interdisciplinary)

  41. IPM Education, Training and Certification • University of Nebraska- Doctor of Plant Health • University M.S. programs • IPM3 distance education program (U. Minnesota) • Entomological Society of America- BCE, ACE • American Society of Agronomy- Certified Crop Advisor (CCA), Certified Professional Agronomist (CP-Ag), Certified Professional Plant Pathologist • National Alliance of Independent Crop Consultants- Crop Certification • State CCA, e.g., California

  42. Opportunities for Sustainable Food Crop Production • Research innovations • Technology implementation • Rapid information exchange • Education and training • Biosecurity and trade • Food safety- supply chain • Environmental stewardship

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