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The Rise of Absolute Monarchs

The Rise of Absolute Monarchs. Essential Questions: What impact did the absolute monarchs have on the society, economy, and government of their respective countries ? (pg. 502-514). What were absolute monarchs?. Kings or queens who held total power within their country

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The Rise of Absolute Monarchs

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  1. The Rise of Absolute Monarchs Essential Questions: What impact did the absolute monarchs have on the society, economy, and government of their respective countries? (pg. 502-514)

  2. What were absolute monarchs? • Kings or queens who held total power within their country • They believed God created the monarchy and monarchs were God’s representative on earth • This idea became known as divine right.

  3. Absolute Monarchies: Royal Pain?

  4. The Sun King: Louis XIV

  5. Phillip II • First absolute monarch • Son of Charles V – ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (he not she) • Became ruler of Spain, Netherlands, and the Spanish American colonies • Created and empire that circled the globe

  6. Phillip II • Defender of Catholicism against Muslims and Protestants • Defeated Ottomans at Battle of Lepanto (1571) • Spanish Armada destroyed by England (1588) • Spanish empire never recovers

  7. Defeat of the Spanish Armada

  8. Louis XIV • Background • Grandfather – Henry IV enacted the Edict of Nantes granting the Huguenots religious freedom • Cardinal Richelieu helped Louis’ dad establish control of France

  9. Louis’ Background • Louis became king at 4 years old when his father died • Louis grew to hate the nobility, because of the riots that tore France apart during his childhood

  10. How Louis XIV was an Absolute Ruler?

  11. “L’ètat, e’est moi” (French) • “I am the state” • Louis’ view was that he and the state were one in the same • He took the name the “Sun King” • He became the most powerful ruler in French history and perhaps all of Europe

  12. Versailles: Symbol of Royal Power • Louis XIV turned a royal hunting lodge into the immense palace of Versailles. • He spared no expense to make it the most magnificent building in Europe. • Its halls and salons displayed the finest paintings and statues, and they glittered with chandeliers and mirrors.

  13. The Palace Versailles

  14. Louis attacks the Nobility • Louis excluded the nobility from the French councils • He increased the power of government agents called intendants • The intendants collected taxes

  15. Louis is devoted to making France an Economic Power • Jean Baptiste Colbert became Louis’ minister of finance • He wanted to make France self-sufficient • Colbert developed the theory of mercantilism: • Wanted to export (send goods over seas) more than you import (bring goods in from over seas)

  16. Louis’ Disastrous Wars

  17. French Military Campaigns • Louis spent his $ on military campaigns to expand French boundaries • These wars almost bankrupted the country • Countries learned to join together to defeat France

  18. War of Spanish Succession • The Spanish king left his throne to Louis XIV grandson in 1700 • Europe was outraged & worried about the two biggest powers being united by blood

  19. War of Spanish Succession • This war lasted 13 years & France lost • Louis lost 3 out of 4 sons • His grandson will become king of Spain • Louis died in 1715 (ruled 72 years)

  20. Louis’ Legacy • When Louis died in 1715, people cheered! • Mixed legacy: • Positive: France ranked above all other European nations in art & literature. Also considered the military leader of Europe • Negative: Constant warfare & the construction of the Palace of Versailles put France into staggering debt. Plus the poor were burdened by high taxes

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