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The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle. A Review. What is the Cell Cycle?. The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next Or From cell “birth” to cell “death” Alternation between Interphase and Mitosis. A look at the cell cycle. Components. Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitosis (M)

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The Cell Cycle

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  1. The Cell Cycle A Review

  2. What is the Cell Cycle? • The time and activities that take place from one cell division to the next • Or • From cell “birth” to cell “death” • Alternation between Interphase and Mitosis

  3. A look at the cell cycle

  4. Components • Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitosis (M) • Gap 1: birth to DNA replication • Synthesis: DNA duplication • Gap 2: gap before mitosis • Mitosis: nuclear division (followed by cytokinesis)

  5. Mitosis: The steps • Prophase • Prometaphase* • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis* *extensions from the “PMAT” skeleton of mitosis

  6. Prophase • Chromatincondenses into Chromosomes • Sister chromatids attached at centromere • Nuclear envelope still present

  7. Prometaphase • Nuclear envelope disappears • Sister chromatids clearly visible and attach to spindle via kinetochore

  8. Metaphase • Chromosomes align at metaphase plate • Homologous pairs align SEPARATELY

  9. Anaphase • Sister chromatids sever at centromere • V-shaped chromatids • Movement toward opposite poles

  10. Telophase • Two visible sets of chromosomes • Nuclear envelope reforms

  11. Cytokinesis • Cell division: cytoplasm divides • Formation of new cell membrane • Cytokinesis vs. Interphase: • Chromosomes still visible

  12. Textbook Reference Materials • Chapter 4 second Edition • Title: The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

  13. Glossary • Chromatin: undifferentiated mass of thread-like DNA/protein in cell nucleus during interphase • Chromosomes: self-replicating structures in cells; contains DNA; visible during Prophase of mitosis

  14. Glossary cont. • Sister chromatids: duplicated IDENTICAL chromosomes attached at centromere after Synthesis • Centromere: condensed region of a chromosome • Kinetochore: protein structure at centromere that acts as molecular “motor for chromatids

  15. Glossary Cont. • Metaphase plate: imaginary equatorial line midway between cell poles

  16. Selected Web Sites http://www.cellsalive.com/ cell cycle mitosis http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/problems.html test yourself

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