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Plant Cells

Plant Cells. Not in animal cells. Cytoskeleton. Mitochondrion. Central vacuole. Nucleus. Cell wall. Rough endoplamsic reticulum (ER). Chloroplast. Ribosomes. Plasma membrane. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Plasmodesmata. Golgi apparatus. Plant Cells. Walls of two adjacent

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Plant Cells

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  1. Plant Cells Not in animal cells Cytoskeleton Mitochondrion Central vacuole Nucleus Cell wall Rough endoplamsicreticulum (ER) Chloroplast Ribosomes Plasma membrane Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Plasmodesmata Golgi apparatus

  2. Plant Cells Walls of two adjacent plant cells Plant cells are encased by cell walls Vacuole Plasmodesmata (channels between cells)

  3. Chloroplasts Inner and outer membranes of envelope Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy Granum Space between membranes Stroma (fluid in chloroplast)

  4. Origin of Eukaryotes

  5. Membrane Structure ● The plasma membrane separates the living cell from its nonliving surroundings. Proteins Outside of cell Outside of cell Hydrophilic region of protein Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail Hydrophilic head Phospholipid bilayer Hydrophobic tail Phospholipid Cytoplasm (inside of cell) (a) Phospholipid bilayer of membrane Hydrophobic regions of protein Cytoplasm (inside of cell) (b) Fluid mosaic model of membrane

  6. Membrane Structure

  7. Membrane Structure ● Phospholipid structure Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules

  8. Membrane Structure

  9. Membrane Structure Membrane Models: Today 1935 *Membranes are fluid

  10. Membrane Structure Membranes are fluid

  11. Membrane Structure ● Some functions of membrane proteins Cytoplasm Fibers of extracellular matrix Enzymatic activity Cell signaling Attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix Intercellular joining Cell-cell recognition Transport Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton ● Cell surface – Extracellular Matrix

  12. Membrane Structure

  13. Membrane Transport

  14. Molecules of dye Membrane Net diffusion Net diffusion Equilibrium (a) Passive transport of one type of molecule Membrane Transport • Diffusion – a process in which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

  15. Membrane Transport Animal cell H2O H2O H2O H2O Normal Lysing Shriveled Plasma membrane Plant cell H2O H2O H2O H2O Flaccid (wilts) Turgid Shriveled (a) Isotonic solution (b) Hypotonic solution (c) Hypertonic solution

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