1. Conflict with Mexico Chapter 20: Section 4

2. Mexico Under Diaz • Porifirio Diaz • Came into power in 1876 • Mexico was economically depressed • There was a large crime rate • Diaz’s first goal was to create order! • He did so by crushing or controlling his opponents

3. Mexico under Diaz • Porifirio Diaz (contd.) • Diaz focused on fixing Mexico’s broken economy • He welcomed foreign investors • This led to : • Increased railroad production • Petroleum production expanded rapidly • Around $2 Billion in foreign investments in Mexico by 1913 (more than half coming from the United States)

4. The Mexican Revolution • Diaz runs for re-election in 1910 and bullies his way back into office • Emiliano Zapata (an American Indian) led a rebel army to protest Diaz government and demand land for Mexico’s peasant population • Zapata was a tenant farmer on a sugar plantation

5. The Mexican Revolution • Francisco Madero • Unlikely leader for a revolution • Wealthy land owner • Dreamer and Idealist • Ideas sparked the revolution that forced Diaz out of office in 1911. • Easily won the Presidency but was soon forced from office

6. The Mexican Revolution • Francisco Madero (continued) • Diaz’ nephew led rebels against Madero’s government and overthrew him. • 10 day battle ensues for control over Mexico • In the end, Madero’s commanding general, Victoriano Huerta seized control of the government and had Madero imprisoned

7. The Mexican Revolution • Victoriano Huerta • 4 revolutionary armies fought Huerta for control of Mexico • Venustiano Carranza • Francisco “Pancho” Villa • Emiliano Zapata • Alvaro Obregon *However, none of these forces were united

8. The Mexican Revolution • President Woodrow Wilson • Madero’s murder outrage President Wilson • Wilson called Huerta’s government “a government of butchers” • Wilson adopted a policy of watchful waiting • The USS Dolphin incident gave Wilson the opportunity to get into a conflict with Mexico • Wilson ordered the US Navy to cease the port of Veracruz stopping a German ship bringing arms to Hueurta • Huerta resigned power and fled to Spain in July, 1914

9. The Revolution Winds Down • By early 1915 Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata control nearly 2/3 of Mexico. • In March, Carranza assumed role of “1st Chief” • Pancho Villa disbanded his army but was determined to strike against America • In March, 1916 Villa and his men crossed the border and raided Columbus, New Mexico killing 18 Americans • General John Pershing assigned by Wilson to find Villa “dead or alive”

10. The Revolution Winds Down • Pershing leads over 10,000 men deep into Mexican territory looking for Villa • Villa proved himself elusive and Pershing and his men pushed deeper into Mexico causing great tension and an eventual battle at Carrizal • By 1916, nearly 150,000 National Guardsmen were stationed along the Mexican border • With the threat of all out war looming, President Wilson finally withdrew the troops in January, 1917.

11. The Revolution Winds Down • With Pancho Villa in hiding and Emiliano Zapata contained in the South, Carranza called a constitutional convention in December of 1916 • New Constitution was finalized and went into effect on February 5, 1917 • Contained revolutionary ideas • Interests of common welfare of people over individual rights • Provided protection for Workers (8hr. Day, no child labor, colletive bargaining) • Said that Mexico owned ALL mineral, oil, and water rights