Trafficking of Human Beings & Protecting The Vulnerable

1. Trafficking of Human Beings&Protecting The Vulnerable Detective Chief Inspector Nicholas Sumner Detective Inspector Kevin Hyland

2. Who has responsibility for trafficking • In London The Metropolitan Police Service & SCD9Elsewhere in the UK The local police service • National Oversight and International Liaison The UK Human Trafficking Centre (SOCA) • Overseas The relevant national police or prosecutor

3. Where Does Trafficking Occur Here

4. Trafficking is an issue from Sydney to London

5. What do we see in the Capital • Trafficking for sexual exploitation • Trafficking for forced labour • Trafficking for domestic servitude • Trafficking of the vulnerable for exploitation • Trafficking of children

6. What Is The Main Driver

7. What Is The Demand • In all, an estimated 1 millionyoung women are sold worldwide for sex every year • Figures for other forms of trafficking are unknown • Demand is continual • Migration from poorer regions such as Eastern Europe and South East Asia has reduced the price of sex and provided more choice for the purchaser • In some areas exploitation of human being as slaves is seen as a cultural issue

8. Current UK Trafficking Legislation • Asylum and Immigration Act 2004S4 Trafficking for exploitation, forced labour, organ harvestingSexual Offences Act 2003:S 57-59 trafficking into, within and out of the UK for Sexual Exploitation • Coroners and Justice Act 2009 Servitude, forced labour, exploitation, slavery

9. Legal Complexities:Prostitution in Europe Prostitution legal and regulated  Prostitution Illegal No Data Prostitution (the exchange of sex for money) legal, but organised activities ( brothels & pimping ) illegal

10. The demand & Supply Walk in brothels Sauna’s Massage Parlour Escort Agencies Domestic Helper Cheap labour Vulnerable children

11. EUROPEAN 446 UK 77 Spain 65 Romania 39 Italy 32 Poland 26 Lithuania 23 Czech 22 Sweden 17 Hungary 14 Latvia 8 Albanian 7 Others 53 European other (outside EEA) 33 Russian 30 ORIENTAL 193 China 59 Japan 48 Korea 24 Thai 21 Singapore 18 Hong Kong 8 Others 12 S/AMERICA 50 Brazil 30 Others 20 Nationalities of Women Advertised in London in 1 Week AFRICA 23 Pakistan 3 India 26

12. Our Vision Prevention – Working with countries of origin Continued Improvement in victim care Reduction of trafficking Working with partners Continued increase in prosecutions Cultural and social change Making London a hostile environment for traffickers

13. SCD9 Human Exploitation and Organised CrimeOperations and Partners

14. The Police Role • Investigations – National and International • Proactively identify victims • Victims debriefs and immediate support • Arrests • Files to Crown Prosecution Service • Covert deployments • Seize assets • We cannot achieve these without partners support – trafficking has unique challenges

15. What does trafficking look like • Vietnamese 16 year old boy – forced labour and sexual exploitation • 45 year old Indian woman – domestic servitude • 22 year old Thai women – sexual exploitation • 14 and 16 year old Nigerian girls – subject to witchcraft, raped and sexual exploitation • 50 year old Romanian man – for forced labour and sexually abused • Vulnerable Polish adults – for exploitation • Child aged 4 – kept as a slave for several years

16. What traffickers are we dealing with • Russian, Belarusian, Turkish, Moldovan • From the EU: Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Slovak, Latvian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Lithuanian, Estonian • Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Laois, Malaysian • Brazilian • Nigerian, Ghanaian, Maritain, Libyan, Iranian, Egyptian, Ugandan, Sudanese, Saudi, Moroccan, Liberian, Tanzanian • Indian, Bangladeshi

17. What do they look like

18. Flamur DeMarku Agron DeMarku Izzet Fejzullahu Bedri DeMarku Xhevair DeMarku

20. Trafficker or Trafficked AtcharaNualpenyai 6 ½ Years Imprisonment For trafficking

21. UK Belgium Romania Forged Malay Passport Thai Passport Thailand

22. Victim Centred Approach

23. Victim Centered Approach • Understanding the needs of the victim and ensuing a bespoke service is given to them • Working with partners to provide the best possible after care

24. Victim Reception Centres • Medical and welfare needs catered for • Close working with international NGOs to provide support for victims back in country of origin • Support and referrals for those that want to stay in the UK

25. Partnership Working

26. Partnership Engagement • Doesn't happen by accident..... • Vital to providing joined up support and approach to victim • On and off street support services • Building trust to work together and share information • Identifying gaps in service delivery and working together to plug them • Critical Friends

27. Current good partnerships • Poppy • Salvation Army • Medaille Trust • Migrant Helpline • Rahab • Caritas • Stop the Traffik • International Organisation of Migration (IOM) • Women at the Well • Bishops’ Conference

28. What’s next • Identification of current resources • Co-ordination • Specific partnership teams • International prevention • International strategies • Review of all legislation

29. What can be achieved Lithuanian 16 year old - trafficked to UK supported by Caritas when she returned home Nigerian 16 year old supported by religious sisters having been removed back to Nigeria Thai woman supported and assisted in employment by women rights group in Bangkok Victim wrongly imprisoned released Wrongful deportations prevented Increased identification through education and awareness

30. Partnerships Can only work with your help Evidence shows they work We will help and support any victims – that’s a commitment One person makes a difference Those at this seminar are our current and future partners • One Request Today • Disseminate the free phone helpline