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Hinduism

Hinduism. Goal 2.04- Examine the importance of India as a hub of world trade and as a cultural and religious center during its Golden Age. Brahman. The eternal being that created and preserves the world People themselves are just an aspect of Brahman

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Hinduism

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  1. Hinduism Goal 2.04-Examine the importance of India as a hub of world trade and as a cultural and religious center during its Golden Age.

  2. Brahman • The eternal being that created and preserves the world • People themselves are just an aspect of Brahman • Atman is your soul and an aspect of Brahman, it shapes your personality and it cannot be destroyed, even by death

  3. Vishnu • The preserver • Devas- manifestations of Brahman

  4. Siva • The Destroyer • Different people think of Devas differently

  5. Rebirth • Hindus believe everyone is part of cycle that contains birth, death, and rebirth • After death Atman will be released from one body and born into another- Reincarnation

  6. Karma • Sum of the deeds done in a persons life • Good Karma means you will be reborn into a better position in society

  7. Moksha + Dharma • Moksha is the ultimate goal, escape from the life of rebirth, live with Brahman • Dharma- set of spiritual duties and obligations a person needs to fulfill

  8. Sacred texts • Not just one text • Three categories of texts Vedas, writings inspired by the Vedas, and sacred epics • Vedas- sacred Hymns of praise, Brahman revealed them to humans

  9. Worship • Can take place anywhere • Pilgrimage- trip to a holy location • Ganges River- flows from the feet of Vishnu and over the head of Siva

  10. Jainism • 500 BC a group of Hindus broke off and started a new religion • Ahimsa- non violence • Jains usually go to a further extent of Ahimsa, avoid harming anything from people to insects

  11. Buddhism

  12. Religions of South Asia

  13. The Essence of Buddhism • The “middle way of wisdom and compassion.” • 2,500 year old tradition. • The 3 jewels of Buddhism: • Buddha, the teacher. • Dharma, the teachings. • Sangha, the community.

  14. Siddhartha Gautama(563-483 BCE) • Born in NE India (Nepal). • Raised in great luxuryto be a king. • At 29 he rejectedhis luxurious life toseek enlightenmentand the source of humansuffering. • Lived a strict,ascetic life for 6 yrs. • Rejecting this extreme, sat in meditation, and found nirvana. • Became “The Enlightened One,” at 35.

  15. What is the fundamental cause of all suffering? Desire! • Therefore, extinguish the self, don’t obsess about oneself.

  16. Four Noble Truths • There is suffering in the world. To live is to suffer. (Dukkha) • The Buddha found this out when he was young and experienced suffering and death in others.

  17. Four Noble Truths The cause of suffering is self-centered desire and attachments. (Tanha)

  18. Four Noble Truths The solution is to eliminate desire and attachments. (Nirvana = “extinction”)

  19. Four Noble Truths To reach nirvana, one must follow the Eightfold Path.

  20. Eightfold Path Nirvana • A state of perfect peace in which the soul can be free from suffering forever • Escape from the cycle of rebirth.

  21. Eightfold Path • Right View- accept reality of the Four Noble Truths • Right Attitude- striving for moderation of all things • Right Speech- avoiding lies, boasts, hurtful words • Right Action- treating others fairly • Right Livelihood-avoid jobs that hurt others • Right Effort-constantly try to improve oneself • Right Mindfulness- remain aware of the world around you • Right Concentration- ignore temptation and discomfort while meditating

  22. Types of Buddhism • Therevada Buddhism • Mahayana Buddhism • Tibetan Buddhism

  23. Theravada Buddhism • The oldest school of Buddhism. • The “Way of the Elders” or the “Small Vehicle.” • Found in southern Asia. • The monastic life is the best way to achieve nirvana. • Focus on wisdom and meditation. • Goal is to become a “Buddha,” or “Enlightened One.” • Over 100,000,000 followers today.

  24. Theravada Buddhism

  25. Mahayana Buddhism • The “Great Vehicle.” • Founded in northern Asia (China, Japan). • Buddhism “for the masses.” • Seek guidance from Bodhisattvas, wise beings. • Goal: Not just individual escape from the wheel, but the salvation of all humanity through self-sacrifice of those enlightened few.

  26. Mahayana Buddhism

  27. Tibetan Buddhism • The “Diamond Vehicle.” [Vajrayana] • Developed in Tibet in the 7c CE. • A mix of Theravada and Mahayana. • Bodhisattvasinclude Lamas, like the Dalai Lama. • The Tibetan Book of the Dead[BardoThodol].

  28. Buddhism in America (1999)

  29. Distribution of Buddhism Centers in the US, 2001

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