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Reforms and Revolution: The Qing Dynasty's Transition to Modern China

The Qing Dynasty's efforts at reform under Ci Xi included civil service exams, a legislative assembly, and elections, but failed to empower peasants or create a functioning government. Sun Yat-sen envisioned a strong central government transitioning to democracy. The 1911 Revolution led to the Qing's collapse but also to civil war, as Yuan Shigai's authoritarian rule clashed with the ideals of the Guomindang. Socially, China experienced rapid change, with emerging commodity markets and modern communication, while Confucianism waned and Western culture gained influence.

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Reforms and Revolution: The Qing Dynasty's Transition to Modern China

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 22-2

  2. 1. What were some reforms Ci Xi made and did they completely reform the Qing Dynasty? • Civil Service Exam, Legislative assembly, Elections for a national assembly • The attempts at reforms didn’t help the peasants and the national assembly had no real power

  3. 2. Describe what Sun Yat Sen wanted for China • Strong central government, military takeover, transitional phase to prepare for democracy, and finally constitutional democracy

  4. Describe the Revolution of 1911 • Followers of Sun Yat Sen launched an uprising that caused the Qing dynasty to collapse • No political or social order, only control of the army under Yuan Shigai

  5. Why was there civil war after the revolution • Yuan Shigai attempted to set up a new dynasty • He used murder and terror to destroy democracy • The Guomindang (nationalist party of Sun Yat Sen) fought back causing civil war

  6. How did Chinese society change as a result of the transition • Commodities (marketable products) became available in cities • More money, more population, better transportation • Westerners introduced modern communication and made China part of the world market

  7. How was Chinese culture changing • Confucian ideals were declining • Reformers wanted to adopt western culture • Western literature became popular

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