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Understanding the Periodic Table: Evolution from Lavoisier to Modern Chemistry

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rose-leblanc
17 diapositives · 343 Views · Dec 01, 2014

This chapter explores the organization of chemical elements, beginning with Antoine Lavoisier, who categorized elements into metals, nonmetals, gases, and earths. It highlights Dmitri Mendeleev's groundbreaking work in the 1860s, where he created the first periodic table based on atomic mass, revealing patterns and allowing predictions for undiscovered elements. The modern periodic table organizes elements by atomic number, showcasing periods and groups based on similar properties. This structure, defined by valence electrons, is crucial for understanding chemical behavior.

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Understanding the Periodic Table: Evolution from Lavoisier to Modern Chemistry
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  1. CHAPTER 5ORGANIZING THE ELEMENTS

  2. Lavoiser (la vwah zee ay) • French chemist • Grouped known elements into 4 categories: -metals, nonmetals, gases and earths.

  3. Mendeleev

  4. Mendeleev’s PeriodicTable • Mendeleev ( Men duh LAY uff) • 1860’s • Modeled on solitaire • If elements lined up in order of increasing mass, a pattern emerged. • Elements with similar properties in same column

  5. Periodic • occurring or appearing at regular intervals or in regular cycles. newspapers, magazines, calendars

  6. Periodic Table • An arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.

  7. Mendeleev left spaces for undiscovered elements. • The accuracy of his predictions showed how useful his table could be.

  8. Modern Periodic Table • Elements arranged by increasing atomic number ( # of protons) instead of mass.

  9. - The horizontal rows are called periods, and are labeled from 1-7. - The vertical columns are called groups, and are labeled from 1-18.

  10. Elements in the same group have similar chemical an physical properties!! Why?? They have the same number of valence electrons. -highest occupied energy level of an atom. Groups (Columns)…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!

  11. Mendeleev’s PeriodicTable • Mendeleev ( Men duh LAY uff) • 1860’s • Modeled on solitaire • If elements lined up in order of increasing mass, a pattern emerged. • Elements with similar properties in same column

  12. Periodic

  13. Periodic Table

  14. Mendeleev left ______ for undiscovered _______. • The __________ of his predictions showed how useful his table could be.

  15. Modern Periodic Table • Elements arranged by ____________________ ( # of protons) instead of mass.

  16. - The horizontal rows are called ________, and are labeled from 1-7. - The vertical columns are called _______, and are labeled from 1-18.

  17. Elements in the same _____ have similar _______ and _________ properties!! Why?? They have the same number of _______________. -highest occupied energy level of an atom. Groups (Columns)…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!