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WARM UP

WARM UP. What are the 4 levels of organization in Ecology?. ECOSYSTEMS : Energy Flow Food Chains. www.swpc.noaa.gov/. Autotrophs. Means “ self-feeder ” Organisms that obtain their energy from sunlight or chemical reactions Two different processes to gain energy :

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WARM UP

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  1. WARM UP What are the 4 levels of organization in Ecology?

  2. ECOSYSTEMS:Energy Flow Food Chains www.swpc.noaa.gov/

  3. Autotrophs • Means “self-feeder” • Organisms that obtain their energy from sunlight or chemical reactions • Two different processes to gain energy: • Photosynthesis • Chemosynthesis Phytoplankton bloom off Irish Coast http://www.galway.net/galwayguide/pod/phytoplankton.small.jpg

  4. Photosynthesis • Chemical reaction that transforms light energy into chemicalenergy. • Creates carbohydrates: sugars and starches. • Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/photosynthesis.jpg

  5. Chemosynthesis • Chemical reaction that transforms one type of chemical energy into a usable chemical energy. • Many derive energy from sulfur-containing molecules. • Bacteria in hydro-thermal vent communities. • Unique because they do not derive energy from the sun. http://aich.aiistudentwork.com/students/joshpierce/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/hydrothermal_vent.jpg

  6. Hydrothermal Ventshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXGF3XS-yAI

  7. Primary Production • Autotrophic organisms are the base of all energy in ecosystems. • Called primary production: • Amount of chemical energy converted from solar energy through the process of photosynthesis • Measured by determining biomass • Biological mass = total dry weight of plant matter

  8. Heterotrophs • Means “other feeder” • Organisms obtain their energy from the consumption of other organisms Heterotroph Diversity Images from Google Image Search

  9. Primary Consumers • Heterotrophic organisms consume producers • Consume plants or algae • Known as herbivores or plant eaters • Come in all shapes and sizes Images from Google Image Search

  10. Secondary Consumers • Carnivores- meat eaters • Omnivores— eat both producers and consumers (Humans, bears and dogs) • Detritivores (decomposers) • Eat deadorganisms • Very important to ecosystem Images from Google Image Search

  11. The Energy Pyramid • Movement of energy through an ecosystem • Illustrated by the energy pyramid • Visual way energy moves through food chain • Each step called a trophic (feeding) level

  12. Biomass Pyramid Trophic Level 4th Carnivore 3rd Carnivore 2nd Herbivores 1st Producers

  13. The Energy Pyramid • First trophic level • Base of pyramid formed by producers • Second trophic level • Primary consumers who eat producers • Third trophic level • Secondary consumers who eat primary consumers • Fourth trophic level • Tertiary consumers who eat secondary consumers Images from Google Image Search

  14. Energy Loss • Only about 10% of the energy available in an ecosystem is transferred from one trophic level to the next. • The rest of the energy is lost through heat and waste products (including nails, hair, horns, hooves, etc.) http://mrskingsbioweb.com/images/enpyr1.gif

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