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Understanding Plant Lifespan, Growth Forms, and Reproduction

Discover the different lifespans of plants—annuals, biennials, and perennials—each suited to unique life cycles. Explore various growth forms like grasses, forbs, shrubs, and trees, each with distinct characteristics. Learn about the anatomy of flowers, including stamens and pistils, and their roles in plant reproduction. Delve into the types of flowers, including dioecious and monoecious plants, and how they relate to pollination and reproduction. Understand leaf structures and edge variations, enhancing your knowledge of plant biology.

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Understanding Plant Lifespan, Growth Forms, and Reproduction

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  1. PLANTS TERMINOLOGY

  2. LIFESPAN • BIENNIAL: live 2 yrs • ANNUAL: live < 1 yr • PERENNIAL: live > 2 yrs

  3. GROWTH FORMS • GRASS • FORB/HERB: not woody • SHRUB: woody, small • SUCCULENT: stores water in tissue • TREE: woody, tall

  4. FLOWERS • Sex organ of plant • From modified leaves • Consists of four rings of structures • 1. Sepals: protect flower bud • 2. Petals: attract pollinators

  5. FLOWERS 3. Stamens: male – produce sperm – consist of… • Anther: produces sperm and packages into pollen grains • Filament: Holds anther into air to contact pollinator

  6. FLOWERS 4. Pistil: female – produce eggs • Stigma: accepts pollen • Style: hold stigma up to contact pollinator • Ovary: produces eggs/seeds

  7. Perfect: have functioning stamens and pistil Imperfect: have either functioning stamens or pistil TYPES OF FLOWERS

  8. Male Plant Female Plant TYPES OF PLANTS With Imperfect Flowers Dioecious:two houses (male and female flowers on separate plants) Monoecious:one house (male and female flowers on same plant) e.g., bursage e.g., desert broom, jojoba, sotol

  9. LEAVES

  10. Blade Petiole Expanded Leaf Base LEAF PARTS

  11. Compound: blade divided into leaflets BLADE STRUCTURE Simple: blade is single • Palmately Compound: leaflets come out of one point

  12. Pinnately Compound: just primary leaflets e.g. Desert Ironwood BLADE STRUCTURE expanded leaf base • Bipinnately Compound: blade divided intoprimary • and • secondary leaflets petiole e.g., Velvet Mesquite

  13. BLADE STRUCTURE: Quiz yourself Pinnately compound Tripinnately compound Palmately compound Bipinnately compound Simple Bipinnately compound Palmately compound Pinnately compound

  14. Entire: smooth Lobed Toothed BLADE EDGE

  15. Alternate 1 leaf comes off each point on stem Opposite 2 leaves come off same point on stem Whorled 3+ leaves come off same point on stem POSITION OF LEAVES ON STEM

  16. www.cactus-art.biz FLOWERING PLANT LIFECYCLE • GERMINATION: Sprouting of seed • Timing is Critical! • Cues include photoperiod, temperature, moisture, light, abrasion, fire, digestive enzymes, etc. • GROWTH: from seedling to maturity • REPRODUCTION: production of next generation • DEATH: annual vs biennial vs perennial

  17. FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION • ASEXUAL: without sex • Make clones • Little genetic diversity • SEXUAL: with sex • Mix of male and female traits • Great genetic diversity

  18. FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION:STEPS IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Gamete Production • Eggs produced in ovary • Sperm produced in anther and packaged two per pollen grain

  19. FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION:STEPS IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Pollination • Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma Pollen transferred by wind, water, animals

  20. Double Fertilization 2 PolarNuclei • The two sperm in each pollen grain go down pollen tube that grows from stigma to ovary. • One sperm fertilizes egg which develops into embryo (becomes new plant). • Other sperm fertilizes two polar nuclei to form endosperm, which supplies energy and nutrients to embryo. Pollen tube biology.kenyon.edu

  21. FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION:STEPS IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Seed Production • Package embryo and endosperm into seed coat • Seed Dispersal • Movement of seeds away from parent plant • Methods include exploding seed pods, wind, water, animals (eaten, hook on, etc.) Exploding seed pod video www.urbanext.uiuc.edu

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