1 / 79

Warm up

Warm up. K-W-L Chart What do you know about psychological disorders? What do you want to know about psychological disorders? Everyone stand up. Pick one from either column to share. Psychological Disorders. Chapter 14. Intro to psychological disorders.

tuvya
Télécharger la présentation

Warm up

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Warm up K-W-L Chart What do you know about psychological disorders? What do you want to know about psychological disorders? Everyone stand up. Pick one from either column to share

  2. Psychological Disorders Chapter 14

  3. Intro to psychological disorders • Psychological disorders--behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or severe impairment of functioning.

  4. Historic Views of Psychological Disorders • In the past people believed that psychological disorders were caused by possession by the Devil. • People attributed unusual behavior and psychological disorders to demons. • Famous sayings

  5. 6 characteristics of Psychological disorders • They are unusual. • They suggest faulty perception or interpretation of reality. • Hearing voices, seeing things, hallucinations, ideas of persecution. • Hallucinations: perception in the absence of sensory stimulation; confused with reality • They suggest severe personal distress. • They are self-defeating. • They are dangerous. • The individual’s behavior is socially unacceptable.

  6. Classifying Psychological Disorders • The most widely used classification scheme for psychological disorders is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association. • The DSM-V (current version) groups disorders on the basis of observable behaviors or symptoms.

  7. Classifying Psychological Disorders • Thomas Szasz believes that disorders are really just problems in living rather than disorders. • Labeling people degrades them, encourages them to evade their personal and social responsibilities. • Labeling people as sick accords too much power to health professionals. • Troubled people need to be encouraged to take greater responsibility for solving their own problems.

  8. Types of psychological disorders • Psychological disorders are grouped into 6 categories: • Anxiety Disorders • Dissociative Disorders • Somatoform disorders • Mood Disorders • Schizophrenia • Personality Disorders

  9. CONTROVERSY IN PSYCHOLOGY:Is a Gay Male or Lesbian Sexual Orientation A Psychological Disorder? • Until 1973 a gay male or lesbian sexual orientation was considered to be a psychological disorder. • A category for people who are distressed about their sexual orientation remains in place. • Gay males and lesbians are more likely than heterosexuals to experience feelings of anxiety and depression and they are more prone to suicide.

  10. CONTROVERSY IN PSYCHOLOGY: Is a Gay Male or Lesbian Sexual Orientation A Psychological Disorder? • Bailey proposed interpretations of the issues surrounding homosexuality: • Societal oppression causes the higher incidence of depression and suicidality. • Homosexuality reflects a departure from typical development. • Sexual orientation reflects prenatal sex hormones. • Homosexual people could reflect differences in lifestyle.

  11. Warm Up: 4/9 • 1. Many criteria have been suggested to differentiate normal and abnormal behavior. All of the following are included excepta) behaviors that are rare. c) risk-taking behaviors.b) behaviors that distort reality. d) behaviors that impair functioning. • A factor that determines whether or not a behavior or feeling is evidence of a psychological disorder may bea) whether the behavior or feeling is pleasant.b) whether the behavior or feeling is appropriate to the situation.c) whether or not the behavior is legal.d) whether the behavior or feeling is appropriate to the norms of the dominant culture.

  12. Whiteboard • What are the 6 characteristics of psychological disorders?

  13. agenda • As we get into psych disorders, we are going to cover different disorders within the six categories. I’m going to try to be consistent in breaking it up into: • Description of the specific disorders • Causes (either specific or overarching of the category) • Treatment (either specific or overarching of the category) • In addition, you will keep a worksheet used to diagnose case studies of people.

  14. Anxiety Disorders Phobias, Panic Disorder, General Anxiety disorder

  15. Anxiety Disorders • Anxiety has psychological and physical features. • Psychological features include: • Worrying. • Fear of the worst things happening. • Fear of losing control. • Nervousness. • Inability to relax.

  16. Anxiety Disorders • Physical features include: • Arousal of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system: • Trembling. • Sweating. • Pounding heart. • Elevated blood pressure. • Faintness. • Anxiety is an appropriate response to a real threat.

  17. Graphic Organizer • Read the text/listen to the video. Write a 2-3 sentence description and your diagnoses. Treatment and causes will be discussed Monday

  18. Phobias • Specific phobias are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as snakes or heights. • Social phobias are persistent fears of scrutiny by others or of doing something that will be humiliating or embarrassing. • Agoraphobia: fear of being out in open, busy areas.

  19. Panic Disorder • Panic Disorder is an abrupt attack of acute anxiety that is not triggered by a specific object or situation. • Symptoms include: • Shortness of breath. • Heavy sweating. • Tremors. • Pounding of heart. • Many fear suffocation. • Choking sensations. • Nausea. • Numbness. • Fear of going crazy or losing control. • Symptoms may last minutes or hours.

  20. Generalized Anxiety Disorder • Generalized Anxiety Disorder is persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation or activity. It seems to be free-floating. • Symptoms include: • Autonomic nervous system overarousal. • Feelings of dread and foreboding. • Excessive vigilance.

  21. White Boards • What is the difference between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and Panic Disorder? • How is panic disorder different from phobias?

  22. Descriptions • Go to the stations to take your notes of each of the three anxiety disorders • 3 minutes at each station.

  23. http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/120/diagnosis/case-history.htmlhttp://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/120/diagnosis/case-history.html • http://www.alexismain.co.uk/?p=phobia.case.study • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Eg695yLlEM start at 1:20 • Need to make g.o.

  24. Obsessive Compulsive disorder http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4sadYeLHKU What are obsessions/what are compulsions? What are obsessions and compulsions you see in the video?

  25. Types of Anxiety Disorders: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. • Obsessions: recurrent, anxiety provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and disrupt daily life. • Compulsions:are thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety connected with obsessions. • Examples?

  26. Types of Anxiety Disorders: Stress Disorders- PTSD and Acute Stress disorder • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by a rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic experience. • Traumatic experiences include natural or man-made disasters, threats, or assault, or witnessing a death. • The traumatic event is revisited in the form of intrusive memories, recurrent dreams, and flashbacks. • Acute stress disorder is characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event. • Acute stress disorder occurs within a month of the event and lasts from 2 days to 4 weeks.

  27. PTSD • http://video.pbs.org/video/1218601697/

  28. http://www.youtube.com/user/VeteransMTC?v=SqjwV-lsVEs

  29. Figure 14.1Sleep Problems Among Americans Before and After September 11, 2001 Insomnia is one of the symptoms of stress disorders. A poll by the National Sleep Foundation found that Americans had a greater frequency of sleep problems after the terrorist attacks of September 11.

  30. Warm up: Monday, October 29 How would you diagnose the following three scenarios? • Jasmine experiences an extreme fear of bunnies. She can’t see one, sometimes even an image of one, without experiencing psychological stress and worrying, sweating, and a pounding heart. • Bianca constantly feels uptight, paranoid, and nervous. It is rare she feels relaxed in the course of a day even though she consciously knows that there is nothing to worry about. • Max experiences strong symptoms of panic anytime from a couple of times a week to a few times a year. Seemingly out of no where he becomes short of breath, has a pounding heart, and experiences extreme dread. Even when he isn’t having an attack, the fear of another attack keeps him from enjoying his life fully.

  31. Warm up- in your worksheet • 1) Hector is a veteran of WWII. He still has flashbacks of seeing people being killed and doesn’t like to talk about his experiences there. He has irrational fears about being shot still. • 2) Leslie is always worried that she has left a hair straightener or curling iron on when she leaves her home. She must confirm it is off at least 4 times before leaving her house, and frequently turns around even once she has left, to make sure that nothing is on. • 3) After being in a car accident, Brad has a fear of driving. The thought of driving is very stressful for a couple of weeks after the accident, and he has flashbacks. His symptoms are better within a month, and he is now able to drive again.

  32. Why is this happening?: Psychological Views on causes of disorders • Psychodynamic: • Phobias symbolize conflicts originating in childhood. • Generalized anxiety as persistent difficulty in repressing primitive impulses. • Obsessions are explained as leakage of unconscious impulses. • Learning theorists: • Phobias are conditioned fears that were acquired in childhood. Observational learning also plays a role. • Cognitive theorists: • Anxiety is maintained by thinking that one is in a terrible situation and helpless to change it.

  33. Why is this happening? Biological Views on causes of disorders • Biological Views. • Anxiety tends to run in families. • Twin studies show a higher concordance rate for anxiety disorders among identical twins than among fraternal twins. • Mineka (2001) suggest that humans are genetically predisposed to fear stimuli that may have posed a threat to their ancestors. • The brain may not be sensitive enough to GABA, a neurotransmitter that may help calm anxiety reactions.

  34. Objective and DOL Objective DOL SWBAT: describe the characteristics of dissociative disorders Explain 3 dissociative disorders: Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Dissociative identity disorder SWBAT answer 3 mc questions on different dissociative disorders SWBAT compare and contrast dissociative disorders to anxiety disorders

  35. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative disorders are characterized by a separation of mental processes such as emotions, identity, memory, perception, or consciousness.   In other words, one of these areas is not working correctly and causing significant distress within the individual

  36. Dissociative disorders Dsm descriptions Case studies http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=55# http://www.dsm5.org/ProposedRevision/Pages/proposedrevision.aspx?rid=57 http://www.psychology.sbc.edu/schmidt1.htm http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-201_162-5317268.html http://theneuron.wetpaint.com/page/Dissociative+Fugue+-+Jin+Kwon

  37. 6 groups of three • One person read the information outloud to the group • One person write a summary on the whiteboards of the symptoms of the disorder • One person writes a summary of the case study (/studies) involving the disorder. • You will present these to the class.

  38. Types of Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Amnesia • Dissociative amnesia • characterized by the person suddenly being unable to recall important personal information. • Think-Pair-Share • How is dissociative amnesia different than other amnesias?

  39. Dissociative Fugue • characterized by the person abruptly leaving their home or place of work and traveling to another place, having lost all memory of their past. The new personality is often more outgoing than the less inhibited one. • DSM-V-TR is considering making this a subcategory of dissociative amnesia

  40. Types of Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative identity disorder (formerly termed multiple personality disorder) • characterized by two or more identities or personalities, each with distinct traits and memories, occupying the same person. Each identity may or may not be aware of the others.

  41. Warm Up • In 1-2 sentences describe each of the following: • Dissociative identity disorder • Dissociative fugue • Dissociative amnesia

  42. Close Reading: Is DID a real disorder? • Annotate and summarize the position I gave to you.

  43. Warm Up November 1, 2012 • What is something interesting in this class you have learned?

  44. Theoretical Views: Dissociative Disorders • Psychodynamic theory • explains this as massive repression. • Learning theorists • suggest that people have learned not to think about bad memories or disturbing impulses in order to avoid feelings of anxiety, guilt or shame.

  45. Somatoform Disorders • Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical problems in people, such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease. Yet no evidence of a physical abnormality can be found.

  46. Types of somatoform disorders: Conversion disorder • characterized by a major change in, or loss of, physical functioning although there are no medical findings to explain the loss of functioning. (ex: blindness, but no damage to optic nerve) • The person is not faking - they seem to be converting a source of stress into a physical difficulty. • Some people with this disorder show indifference to their symptoms.

  47. Hypochondriasis • characterized by people insisting that they are suffering with a serious physical illness even though no medical evidence of illness can be found. • They become preoccupied with minor physical sensations and continue to believe that they are ill despite the reassurance of physicians that they are healthy. TPS • How is this different than conversion disorder?

  48. Somatoform disorders: Causes • Theoretical Views. • There is research evidence that people who develop hypochondriasis are particularly sensitive to bodily sensations and tend to ruminate about them.

  49. CONTROVERSY IN PSYCHOLOGY:Are somatoform disorders the special province of women? • Hippocrates believed that hysteria was caused by a wandering uterus. • Conversion disorders are not the special province of women. • Psychodynamic view suggests that conversion disorders protect the individual from feelings of guilt, shame or from another source of stress.

More Related