1 / 34

Army Reserve Center Newport, Rhode Island

Army Reserve Center Newport, Rhode Island. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option. Presentation Outline. General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth

upton
Télécharger la présentation

Army Reserve Center Newport, Rhode Island

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Army Reserve Center Newport, Rhode Island Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option

  2. Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  3. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 General Building Information Presentation Outline Location: Newport, Rhode Island Size: 59,000 square feet Levels: 2 levels Cost: $17 million Construction Time: January 2009 – September 2011 Delivery Method: Design-Bid-Build General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  4. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 General Building Information 1st Floor 2nd Floor Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  5. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Existing Mechanical Systems • Airside • - 1 constant volume air handling unit (AHU) • - 2100 CFM • - 2 variable air volume air handling units • - 3700 CFM and 13200 CFM • - Unit ventilators • - 8 total between 400 and 1600 CFM Waterside To cool the building: -2 air-cooled rotary screw packaged water chillers -40 and 52 tons To heat the building: -2 natural gas boilers -each 960 MBH Controls - Direct Digital Control (DDC) by Johnson Controls Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  6. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Existing Mechanical Systems 1st Floor 2nd Floor Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions AHU-1

  7. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Existing Mechanical Systems 1st Floor 2nd Floor Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions AHU-1 AHU-2

  8. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Existing Mechanical Systems 1st Floor 2nd Floor Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions AHU-1 AHU-3 AHU-2

  9. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Existing Mechanical Systems 1st Floor 2nd Floor Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions AHU-1 AHU-3 AHU-2 UV

  10. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Existing Mechanical Systems 1st Floor 2nd Floor Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions AHU-1 AHU-3 UH AND DSS AHU-2 UV

  11. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Existing Mechanical Systems Presentation Outline Total Energy Use: 1, 227 mmBtu / yr Cost of Energy Use: $27, 384 / year First Cost: $301,410 LEED:36 – 42 Points = Silver or Gold General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  12. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Design Objectives • Reduce Aspect Ratios of Ducts • Reduce Total Cost of Ductwork • Reduce Energy Required for Supply Fans Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions • Reduce Total Energy Consumption • Maintain Current LEED Silver or Gold Rating or Improve Upon

  13. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Variable Refrigerant Flow System Summary Presentation Outline • Condenser (rooftop) connected to multiple indoor evaporators • DOAS to handle outside air and latent load requirements • VRF to handle remaining sensible load General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  14. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Variable Refrigerant Flow System Benefits Presentation Outline • Simultaneous heating and cooling – allows for Heat Recovery • Max COP of 5.68 compared to 2.90 for chiller • Rooftop Condensing Units lead to saved mechanical space (replace boilers) • Pipes take up less space than ductwork • Leads to reduced building height / cost in some cases General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  15. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Variable Refrigerant Flow System Presentation Outline Total Energy Use: 1018 mmBtu / yr Cost of Energy Use: $27, 784 / year First Cost: $283,105 LEED:43 – 49 Points = Gold General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  16. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Ground Couple Heat Pump Summary Presentation Outline • Uses Earth as a heat source / sink • Send fluid through pipes in ground to heat or cool fluid • Takes advantage of 50 – 60 °F constant ground temperature • Heat exchanger to bring heat into / out of system General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions • DOAS to handle latent loads and outside air • Boilers to meet heating when GCHP is not enough Benefits • Less ductwork • Save energy

  17. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Ground Couple Heat Pump Types Presentation Outline • Vertical • Pipes are placed downward into ground • Two small diameter tubes / borehole • Boreholes 50 feet to 600 feet deep • Boreholes 20 feet apart to prevent thermal interference • Horizontal • Pipes are placed about 4 feet deep • Single or multiple pipe / trench • If multiple, further distance because of thermal interference General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions Horizontal Vertical

  18. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 VerticalGround Couple Heat Pump Advantages Presentation Outline • Smaller amount of land required • More constant thermal properties of soil • More efficient than horizontal GCHP • Smallest amount of pumping / piping energy General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions Disadvantages • Cost • Difficult to find experienced contractors

  19. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 VerticalGround Couple Heat Pump • Variables are determined based on: • Loads for the Building • Average Heat Transfer to the Ground • Thermal Resistance of the Ground and Pipe • Ground Temperature • Proximity of Adjacent Bores • Liquid Temperature at Heat Pump Inlet / Outlet • Power Input at Design Cooling / Heating Loads Vertical GCHP Pipe Length Required Presentation Outline • Method of Ingersoll and Zobel • Based on heat transfer from cylinder buried in earth General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions For Cooling: For Heating:

  20. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 VerticalGround Couple Heat Pump Vertical GCHP Pipe Length Required Presentation Outline Using Equation Above: Total Length for Cooling: 15,424 feet Total Length for Heating: 23,048 feet General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions Use the greater of two values: 23,048 feet 3 Boreholes / Loop 600 Feet Deep 20 Feet between Borehole

  21. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 VerticalGround Couple Heat Pump Presentation Outline Total Energy Use: 878 mmBtu / yr Cost of Energy Use: $23, 733 / year First Cost: $502, 086 LEED:46 – 52 Points = Gold to Platinum General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  22. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 System Comparison Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions • GCHP uses least energy and has least cost of energy • Simple payback of 54 years – unfeasible • VRF is the best choice overall • Save mechanical space • Uses less energy than existing VAV • Lowest first cost

  23. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 System Comparison Factors Effecting Cost Presentation Outline • Extra maintenance cost not included with VRF • $40,000 / year (at least) if extra personnel required • One time cost if training required General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions • Extra cost of controls for VRF • Prices for VRF determined by Daiken VRV Specs • Converted from euros to dollars • Used RS Means for installation costs • May be slightly higher due to less familiar system • May be more expensive to purchase units in U.S. • Boilers oversized for existing VAV • Sized at 66% of total capacity (each) • If changed, total cost would be $292,193

  24. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 System Comparison Presentation Outline • Natural gas ranges from $ 4.00 / mmBtu to $12.00 / mmBtu • Currently $4.00 / mmBtu • Cost of VRF energy use is more expensive even though it uses less energy because it uses all electricity • Electricity is expensive relative to natural gas • 12.7% electricity in region is generated by natural gas General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  25. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 System Comparison If natural gas doubles…. - electricity goes up 12.7% - natural gas goes up 100% Presentation Outline If natural gas triples…. - electricity goes up 27.0% - natural gas goes up 200% General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions - VRF uses $1,306 / year less than VAV - VRF uses $464 / year less than VAV

  26. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 System Comparison Aspect Ratio Problem Presentation Outline • The Aspect Ratio of the ducts will still be high on the first floor • Greatly reduced on second floor General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System ground couple heat pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions AHU-1 AHU-3 UH AND DSS AHU-2 UV

  27. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 System Comparison Achieving Design Objectives? Presentation Outline • Aspect Ratio • Improved on second floor • The same on first floor but not worse General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System ground couple heat pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions • LEED • VRF will achieve LEED Gold • GCHP will achieve LEED Gold or Platinum • Energy Improvement • VRF will use 83% of existing VAV • GCHP will use72% of existing VAV

  28. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 StructuralBreadth • With VRF System, will need to place condensing VRV units on the roof changing the structural requirements • Mass of each unit according to specifications: Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  29. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 StructuralBreadth • Addition of VRV units leads to dead load of 11psf as shown below: Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions • Total load 61 psf when 20 psf live load and 30 psf snow load are included

  30. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 StructuralBreadth • Thus, need to use the following to support additional load: • Vulcraft 1.5B20 roof deck • 28K8 joists • W10x54 girders Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions

  31. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Acoustical Breadth • Daikin VRV Units will be placed as shown on right • Space below units is office space • Max noise level of 40 – 45 dBA in office space Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions • Max noise level on roof will occur at point X or next to VRV - 3 or VRV - 4

  32. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Acoustical Breadth - Decibels produced by each unit shown in table below: Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions Use following equation to determine sound intensity from each VRV Unit at point X: I1 / I2 = (d2 / d1)2 I1 = intensity at point 1 d1 = distance from source to intensity 1 I2 = intensity at point 2 d2 = distance from source to intensity 2

  33. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Acoustical Breadth • Decibel addition (as shown below) allows dB to be added to find sound at point X • Sound at X is 53 dB • Less than sound at VRV – 3 and VRV – 4 (both at 61 dBA) Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions • Transmission loss through roof is 35 dBA • Thus, total sound from VRV Units is 26 dBA which is below 40-45 dBA and will not be a problem in the office

  34. Alexander Hosko Mechanical Option Spring 2011 • The Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineer Faculty and Staff • Thesis Advisor: Dr. Stephen Treado • Michael Baker Corporation: Specifically Duncan Penney and Doug Barker • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • Family and Friends for their support Presentation Outline General Building Information Existing Mechanical Systems Design Objectives Variable Refrigerant Flow System Ground Couple Heat Pump System System Comparison Structural Breadth Acoustical Breadth Questions Questions?

More Related