UNIT 7 Chapter 23 – The French Revolution & Napoleon

1. UNIT 7Chapter 23 – The French Revolution & Napoleon THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

2. CHAPTER 23 The French Revolution and Napoleon,1789–1815 The French Revolution establishes a new political order, Napoleon Bonaparte gains and loses an empire, and European states forge a balance of power. The French Revolution Begins SECTION 1 SECTION 2 Revolution Brings Reform and Terror Napoleon Forges an Empire SECTION 3 Napoleon’s Empire Collapses SECTION 4 The Congress of Vienna SECTION 5 Napoleon Bonaparte crossing the Great Saint Bernard pass in 1801. Painting, Jacques Louis David.

3. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE:Analyze the French Revolution, the rise and fall of Napoleon, and the Congress of Vienna. • Objective 7.1: Summarize the factors that led to the French Revolution • Objective 7.2: Explain the developments in French government that led to the Reign of Terror • Objective 7.3: Summarize how Napoleon restored order in France. • Objective 7.4: Summarize Napoleon’s defeat, comeback, and final downfall along with the impact of the Congress of Vienna.

4. IMPORTANT LEADERS George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808)

5. Chapter 23 SECTION 1 – The French Revolution Begins Economic and social inequalities in the Old Regime help cause the French Revolution.

6. THE OLD ORDER • The Old Regime • Old Regime — social and political system in France during the 1770s • Estates— three social classes of France’s Old Regime • The Privileged Estates • First Estate — Catholic clergy — own 10 percent land, pay few taxes • Second Estate — rich nobles — 2 percent population, own 20 percent land WRITE THIS DOWN!

7. THE THIRD ESTATE • The Third Estate - 97 percent of people – are further separated into three groups • Have few privileges, pay heavy taxes, want change • #1 Bourgeoisie (Middle Class), owners, merchants, bankers • #2 urban workers • #3 peasants, 80% of pop.

8. WHAT DOES THIS REPRESENT?

9. THE FORCES OF CHANGE • Enlightenment Ideas • Enlightenment ideas inspire some in Third Estate • Economic Troubles • High taxes and rising costs damage economy by 1780s • King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette known for extravagance • French King Louis XVI doubles nation’s debt; banks refuse to lend more money

10. A WEAK LEADER • Louis’s poor decisions and lack of patience add to France’s problems • He calls Estates-General — meeting of representatives from all three estates to discuss new taxes

11. DAWN OF THE REVOLUTION • The National Assembly • Third Estate has little power under old rules • Sieyès persuades them to make major changes in French government • Third Estate sets up National Assembly — new legislature to make reforms • Tennis Court Oath — delegates decide to write new constitution for France • Storming the Bastille • Rumors fly in Paris that Louis wants to suppress National Assembly • Mob attacks and seizes Bastille, killing guards on July 14, 1789

12. STORMING THE BASTILLE

13. A GREAT FEAR SWEEPS FRANCE • Rumors and panic spread throughout France • Great Fear — attacks by peasants taking place across France • Peasants destroy legal papers binding them to feudal system • In October 1789, Parisian women revolt over rising price of bread • They demand action, forcing Louis to return from Versailles to Paris

14. Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment Which of these choices best describes the Bourgeoisie? (A) Powerful clergy of the 1st Estate (B) Wealthy nobles of the 2nd Estate (C) Impoverished peasants of the 3rd Estate (D) Wealthy middle class of the 3rd Estate Which of these is Marie Antoinette known for? (A) Extravagant and wasteful wife of Louis XVI (B) Influential leader of the storming of the Bastille (C) Financially smart wife of Louis XVI who led France after his death (D) Visionary who led the Tennis Court Oath

15. Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment Which of these choices best describes the Bourgeoisie? (A) Powerful clergy of the 1st Estate (B) Wealthy nobles of the 2nd Estate (C) Impoverished peasants of the 3rd Estate (D) Wealthy middle class of the 3rd Estate Which of these is Marie Antoinette known for? (A) Extravagant and wasteful wife of Louis XVI (B) Influential leader of the storming of the Bastille (C) Financially smart wife of Louis XVI who led France after his death (D) Gambling visionary who led the Tennis Court Oath

16. Vocabulary Assessment Which of these choices best describes a guerilla? (A) Generals using animals on the battlefield (B) Revolutionary fighting forces that are used to overthrow a leader (C) Loosely organized fighting forces making surprise attacks (D) Special forces a king must use to end revolutions Which of these best describes an Emigre? (A) King Louis XVI using force to end the Revolution (B) Nobles fleeing France during peasant uprisings (C) The Third Estate creating the National Assembly (D) Peasants revolting against their manors for freedom

17. Vocabulary Assessment Which of these choices best describes a guerilla? (A) Generals using animals on the battlefield (B) Revolutionary fighting forces that are used to overthrow a leader (C) Loosely organized fighting forces making surprise attacks (D) Special forces a king must use to end revolutions Which of these best describes an Emigre? (A) King Louis XVI using force to end the Revolution (B) Nobles fleeing France during peasant uprisings (C) The Third Estate creating the National Assembly (D) Peasants revolting against their manors for freedom