Manager's Treatment and Work Reactions: Lucy and Ethel in the Factory

1. Warm-up 8/28 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NPzLBSBzPI • How did the manager treat Lucy and Ethel? • How do Lucy and Ethel’s reactions to the work change throughout the clip? • In what ways do they handle the increase in the volume of work? How might this relate to the quality of work being done or the quality of the item being produced? • What would it be like to do that task for the entire day – both mentally and physically? (Note: factory workers of the time received minimal pay, worked long hours and often had horrible working conditions)

2. Worksheet 1. Define the following terms on the worksheet a. Productivity- generate goods or services b. Specialization- Workers repeating a step again and again (p.624) 2. Then draw an example of each term and provide three characteristics of that term 3. Then answer #3 & #4 on worksheet (you can use the book to help- p. 617 4. Answer #5-9 based on the assembly line simulation last week

3. (Elaborate) Why do you think there was a rush of inventions in the late 1800’s? What new Inventions excited the public in the 1800’s and how were they used? How did improvements to railroads affect the economy and transportation in the U.S.? What advances were made in I. Industrial Giants A. Railroads Grow 1. New Inventions (3 You Already Have) 2. Consolidation -Big companies buy smaller companies -(ex. Today - American bought Reno Air) 3. Helps Economy (Merc . . .lism?????) -Take goods to and from the factories. - Companies Mass Produce and ship huge amounts

4. The Bessemer Process Invented in the 1850’s, the Bessemer Process could make several tons of steel in 10-20 minutes… Prior to this invention, the process took over a day!

5. Steel led to the creation of the “Skyscraper.”

9. INVENTIONS B.Inventions Galore 1. Between 1860-1890 400,000 patents *Patent is an exclusive right to make or sell an invention *Telegraph / Telephone / Personal Camera/ Typewriter / Light Bulb / Affordable Car 2. Communications *Telegraph, Samuel Morse *1844 (1866- 1st cable across Atlantic) *Telephone, Alexander Graham Bell *1876 *500,000 sold by 1890’s

10. Bell’s telephone Edison’s light bulb

11. INVENTIONS 3. Genius of Menlo Park – Thomas Edison -Created the 1st research laboratory **1st practical Light Bulb -Power plants (Run new Lights) -Hired other to research: Lewis Howard Latimer 4. Transportation -Ford, begins work in 1890’s – Company in1906 **Mass production/Assembly line: reduced cost -The Airplane * Orville and Wilbur Wright, 1903 • Kitty Hawk, N. Carolina

12. Assembly Line

13. History of the assembly line: • Until the twentieth century, a single craftsman or team of craftsmen would normally create each part of a product individually and assemble them together into a single item • An assembly line is a manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create a finished product • Henry Ford was the first businessman to build factories around that concept • As a result, Henry Ford's cars came off the assembly line in three minute intervals, a speed much faster than previous methods!!!! • This led to MASS PRODUCTION, which is the production of LARGE amounts of goods!!!!

14. Some Facts • In 1914, 13,000 workers at Ford made 260,720 cars while all other car companies had 66,350 workers make 286,770 cars! • In the early days, it took 12 hours to complete a car. By 1914, it took 93 minutes. • In 1920, a Model T was made every minute, and ½ of all cars in the WORLD was a Model T • At one point, Ford could make a car every 24 seconds

15. What happens to the price of a product when you are able to produce a lot of it??

17. Complete the chart under your timeline (under vocabulary) Use. Page 623 of red book

18. 5. Explain the differences between sole proprietorship, partnerships, and corporations in business. Give an advantage and disadvantage for each.What would you consider the best for running a company? Why? A. Big Business 1. The Major Players a. Railroads (we’ve already talked about) b. Steel Industry -Andrew Carnegie c. Oil Industry -John D. Rockefeller Leland Stanford

19. THE ROCK

20. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry???? Industrialists in political cartoons were often depicted as fat or overweight, why do you think that is a SYMBOL for???? One aspect industrialists pointed to as POSITIVE was PHILANTHROPY or money that is given to benefit the community

22. Child workers Tenement in New York City Cornelius Vanderbilt II’s “Summer home” John D. Rockefeller’s Estate

23. Chicago University Carnegie Library, Reno, NV

27. Study Guide #5: Big Business 2. Types of Business: a. Sole Proprietor (One person owner) Advantages- *All profits go to you ($) *You’re the only boss *Make all decisions Disadvantage- *You do everything *Responsibility * You pay all expenses *Company loses $ you do Mr. Chaney

28. Study Guide #5: Big Business B. Partnership (2-3 people own company equally) Advantages- *1/2 work, time, expenses Disadvantage- *1/2 profit *1/2 boss must agree w/part. *Disagreements with Partners

29. Study Guide #5: Big Business C. The Corporation 1. Need to raise money for expansion 2. Sell stocks in company to investors, raise“capital”(money) for expansion Advantage-*raises more $$ (capital) than an individual Disadvantage- *Stock holders have no direct sayin company * receive dividends of profits if the company does well

30. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry???? • "What is the chief end of man?--to get rich. In what way?--dishonestly if we can; honestly if we must.“ -- Mark Twain-1871 1)Summarize, in your own words, the above quote 2) What words come to mind when you think of someone as a ROBBER? What about CAPTAIN?

31. Jay Gould • Made money financing railroads • Died with an estimated fortune of $72,000,000 none of which was donated to charity

32. Andrew Carnegie • Scottish immigrant • Famous for dominating the Steel industry • His company alone made more steel than ALL of Great Britain • Sold company for $480,000,000

33. Cornelius Vanderbilt • Made money on transportation, mostly boats • Left $100,000,000 fortune largely to family • Did donate $1,000,000 to what is today Vanderbilt University

34. John Rockefeller • Dominated Oil industry • At one point controlled 90% of all of the oil refineries in the entire world • In 1896 was worth over $200,000,000

35. VI. Explain how both Horizontal & Vertical Integration* were used to create trusts (Monopolies*). Name 3 businesses that grew with these practices and name their leaders. Name the first attempt to limit trusts. What were the major arguments for and against monopolies? A. The growth of Monopolies: Expanding Power 1. Vertical Integration -Buy anything you use for your Business Ex. Carnegie (Steel) “From ground to Mill” - Mine (Owned Iron Ore & Coal Mines) - Shipping (Owned Ore Fleet in Great Lakes) -Some railways also - Steel Mills (Turn Ore to Steel)

36. Study Guide #6: Monopolies 2. Horizontal Integration - Buy interest in competitors companies, bring together in one Corporation Ex. Rockefeller (Standard Oil) Company A + Company B + Standard Oil= MONOPOLY The Oil Industry- Standard Oil 1. Oil discovered in Penn. In 1859 -“Black Gold” 2. John D. Rockefeller - Created the Standard Oil Corporation **Becomes most dominant oil company in the U.S. – Controlled 95% of Refineries **CONTROL ALL ASPECTS OF YOUR BUSINESS!!

37. Cartoons depicting Standard Oil

41. Study Guide #6: Monopolies 3. The TRUST (ex. Standard Oil Trust) **A group of Corporations governed by one Board Of Trustees 4. Public Reaction to Monopolies a. supporters- more efficient/ leads to reliable goods and services b. detractors:People tired of trusts: use unfair business tactics, leads to reduced competition, too much POWER (political???) -Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) **WEAK!! Fails to even define a “Trust”

43. Sentence Starters

45. Examples of Counterclaim Writing Goals -To establish a strong claim that is arguable and a clear side I am AGAINST -Strong rebuttal reasoning- In two sentences explain HOW and WHY my evidence trumps the counterclaim and LINKS evidence to my claim (because part) -Strong Rebuttal Evidence: Text-based (reliable), cited, supports my claim and directly counters the antagonist’s claim -To use transitions and sentence starters that help me transition between the antagonist’s claim/evidence into my claim and evidence -Paraphrase most evidence (don’t start and end the same, make sure main idea is addressed, no more than two words that match the original text)

46. WARM-UP Identify which of the following goals are Argumentative (counterclaim) Specific Goals or General (Broad) Writing Goals: • Using appropriate transitions between the counterclaim and my rebuttal evidence • To be to have a topic I understand • Using appropriate sentence starters to help the flow of my argument • To score high and a get a decent score on the essay • To have good grammar • Paraphrasing evidence • To work on my spelling • Developing reasoning so that it clearly connects evidence to the claim • Developing reasoning that explains how my evidence trumps the counterclaim and links to my claim • Avoid using tier 1 words • Strengthen my conclusion (making a clear connection to the claims importance)

47. Relate each vocabulary word to ONE of the pictures. Explain in your spirals. Draw your own symbol for whatever word is left off