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Exploring Calvinism and the Impact of the Jesuits on the Protestant Reformation

This review examines key aspects of the Protestant Reformation, focusing on Calvinism as articulated by John Calvin in his seminal work, "Institutes of the Christian Faith". It delves into Calvin's fundamental beliefs, including Total Depravity, the concept of the Elect, and Predestination. Additionally, the review highlights the role of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, as "Soldiers for Christ", and discusses pivotal events such as the Diet of Augsburg and the Peace of Augsburg in shaping religious discourse.

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Exploring Calvinism and the Impact of the Jesuits on the Protestant Reformation

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Review – Test II

  2. Protestant Reformation Calvinism John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Faith Calvin’s Beliefs Total Depravity The Elect Predestination The Society of Jesus Jesuits Ignatius of Loyola “Soldiers for Christ” Diet of Augsburg Peace of Augsburg Council of Trent Catholic Counter-Reformation
  3. Era of Religious Wars England Edward VI of England Book of Common Prayer Jane Grey “The Nine Day Queen” Mary I “Bloody Mary” Catholicism Elizabeth I “Elizabethan Settlement” Act of Supremacy – 1559 Protestantism & Nationalism Politique Hapsburgs Division Phillip – West Ferdinand – East Phillip II Madrid Wealth & Taxes Hapsburg Valois War The Battle of Lepanto Holy League and the Ottomans
  4. Era of Religious Wars Netherlands Revolt (80 Year War) The Duke of Alba The Council of Troubles / The Council of Blood William of Orange Union of Utrecht French Religious Wars Huguenots Conde, Coligny, and Guise The Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre England at Sea Privateers Colonization Attempts Roanoke Mary, Queen of Scots Scandal Flees to England House arrest Death The “Invincible” Armada Duke of Medina-Sidonia Delays, English Attack, and Storm
  5. France & England War of the Three Henrys Henry of Navarre Succeeded Henry III (last Valois) Politique The Edict of Nantes Gave Huguenots qualified religious freedoms James I of England / James VI of Scotland Divine Right of Kings Impositions Authorized Version of the Bible The Gunpowder Plot Colonization England - Jamestown John Smith John Rolfe - Tabacco France Québec Samuel de Champlain “Father of New France” Fur Trapping La Salle - Louisiana New Netherlands Dutch West India Company New Amsterdam
  6. English Civil War Charles I Religious conformity - England and Scotland Great Migration The Short Parliament April-May 1640 John Pym The Long Parliament Puritans Grand Remonstrance English Civil War Cavaliers Roundheads Turning points: Scottish Alliance Rise of Oliver Cromwell Charles I – execution The Commonwealth - Puritan Republic
  7. England/Scotland & Colonization James I of England / James VI of Scotland Divine Right of Kings Impositions Religious Difficulties Gunpowder Plot Jamestown John Smith John Rolfe Tobacco Plymouth Colony Other Colonization France Québec Samuel de Champlain - “Father of New France” Antoine Cadillac - Detroit La Salle - Louisiana New Netherlands New Amsterdam
  8. English Civil War Charles I Forced Load Religious conformity Scottish Rebellion The Great Migration Massachusetts Bay Colony Connecticut New Haven Maryland – Catholic Short and Long Parliaments John Pym Grand Remonstrance English Civil War Cavaliers Roundheads Execution of Charles I
  9. The Thirty Years War The Defenestration of Prague Prague, Bohemia The Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) The Huguenot Rebellions Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu La Rochelle The Danish Intervention (1625-1629) Christian IV of Denmark The Swedish Intervention (1630-1635) Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Portuguese Restoration War 1640-1668 The French Intervention 1635–1648 France & Sweden vs. Spain and Austria The Treaty of Westphalia 1648 Fragmented Germany Peace of Augsburg Calvinism Bavaria Elector Brandenburg-Prussia Swiss Confederacy and United Provinces (Netherlands )
  10. Philosophy & Science Thomas Hobbes Absolutism Leviathan “State of Nature” Social Contract John Locke Critic of Absolutism TwoTreatises of Government Natural Law / Natural Rights Life, Liberty, Property Social Contract “Natural Philosophers” Ptolemaic / geocentric system Ptolemy of Alexandria Epicycles Copernicus Heliocentric Universe On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres Tycho Brahe Most accurate astronomical data that had ever been acquired by observation with the naked eye Johannes Kepler Elliptical, not circular orbits The New Astronomy Galileo Telescope Dialogue on two chief world systems
  11. Philosophy & Science Sir Francis Bacon Father of the Scientific Method of research Inductive Reasoning NovumOrganum New Atlantis Rene Descartes Discourse on Method Deductive Reasoning The Royal Society of London Margaret Cavendish Duchess of Newcastle Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World Sir Isaac Newton Early Work Optics Calculus Gravity Principia Mathmetica Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
  12. England The Commonwealth – Puritan Republic Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector Instrument of Government Jamaica – 1655 Sugar Plantations Slave Trade Navigation Acts Charles II Restored: Monarchy House of Lords Anglican Church Religious Toleration The Test Act Transubstantiation Carolina Lord Proprietors New Amsterdam New York
  13. England & Netherlands James II Catholicism Declaration of Indulgence The Glorious Revolution William III and Mary II Bill of Rights Rulers subject to law Govern with Parliament’s consent Toleration Act of 1689 Legalized Protestantism Roman Catholicism outlawed Act of Settlement of 1701 House of Hannover “Century of strife” The Quaker Colonies William III Stadtholderof the Netherlands United Provinces of the Netherlands Urbanization Agriculture Shipbuilding Empire
  14. France & Prussia Cardinal Mazarin Frondes Louis XIV The Sun King Divine Right of Kings Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet Absolutism Local vs. National Palace of Versailles Jean Baptiste Colbert Economic Reform S. Domingue / Haiti Brandenburg-Prussia Hohenzollerns Frederick William “The Great Elector” Centralization Royal Bureaucracy Army
  15. Late 1600s, Early 1700s The Nine Years War 1688-1697 King Williams War League of Augsburg/Grand Alliance Charles II of Spain Phillip of Anjou Phillip V of Spain War of Spanish Succession 1701-1714 John Churchill Queen Anne’s War Treaty of Utrecht (1713) / Treaty of Rastatt (1714) Changing Rulers Anne of England/Great Britain Acts of Union - 1707 George I of Britain Sir Robert Walpole First Prime Minister Louis XV of France Favorites Madame de Pompadour Emperor Charles VI Pragmatic Sanction Maria Theresa Frederick I of Prussia First King Frederick William I of Prussia Military Expansion
  16. Late 1600s, Early 1700s Peter I (The Great) of Russia The Grand Embassy Westernization Table of Ranks The Holy Synod New Military Azov The Great Northern War (1700-1721) Battle of Poltava The War of Jenkins’ Ear British Smuggling Robert Jenkins War of Austrian Succession Maria Theresa of Austria Frederick II of Russia King George’s War Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle Diplomatic Revolution Convention of Westminster Bourbons & Hapsburgs
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