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Academic Argument

Academic Argument. English 1301. Getting started. Arguments – attempts to influence our thought or behavior Choose and refine a topic that is clear and arguable Provide a context for the topic Come up with good reasons Support each reason

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Academic Argument

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  1. Academic Argument English 1301

  2. Getting started • Arguments – attempts to influence our thought or behavior • Choose and refine a topic that is clear and arguable • Provide a context for the topic • Come up with good reasons • Support each reason 5 Appeal to the audiences values (understand what they are) 6. Use a trustworthy tone 7. Show you have considered other positions carefully and are presenting them fairly

  3. Now that you have chosen your topic • Put your topic in question form Should we …? Create a T-chart to answer your question Yes / No_______ List reasons

  4. Gather background information • Note that your reasons and possibly your stance on the argument may change as you conduct research • Avoid logical fallacies • Investigate the backgrounds and affiliations of sources to assess to determine reliability

  5. Find sources that do not simply echo your own stance. • Evaluate those sources fairly • Summarize those positions clearly and without bias to show you understand competing positions • Refute the opposing position showing that you have taken other views into consideration and still hold your position Be sure that your tone matches your intent and is confident and reasonable, not strident, angry or overbearing

  6. Structure • Introduction has a hook • Last sentence of the introduction is the thesis statement made clear and concise • Find three strong reasons to support the thesis • Present the reasons from weakest to strongest • Each reason should be the topic sentence • Support your reason with evidence

  7. Present briefly the opposition • “Granted… However, let us take a closer look at the evidence.” or • “According to …” And then refute the opposing position with evidence supporting your stance Conclusion: tie it up; restate your thesis; end with a call to action

  8. Minimum 5 pages draft for peer review • Minimum 5 pages final draft: if either/ both are less you will lose 5 points each • Minimum 5 academic sources – plus news articles, possible websites, survey you created, interviews, etc

  9. MLA documentation • If the information is not your original idea, if you heard it or read it some place, you must document the source. • If the source is listed on the Work Cited page, there is at least one quote or paraphrase in your essay from that source. • If there is a quote, you used quotation marks to identify it.

  10. Samples from SF Writer Bikers were renegades, counterculture road warriors who, according to scholars Jeremy Packer and Mary K. Coffey, were “ violent, heteronormative, and (for the most part) masculine as they may be” (641).

  11. Bikers were renegades, counterculture road warriors who were “violent, heteronormative, and … [as] masculine as they may be” Packer and Coffey 641).

  12. After the release of the movie Easy Rider starring Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper, the motorcycle industry experienced a 98% increase in sales between 1970 and 1980. This increase diminished soon after it peaked. It wasn’t until 1992 that the industry experienced a rebirth with increases in motorcycle sales not seen since the 1970’s. (“Annual”) Note that this source does not use page numbers

  13. How much commentary? • The Rule of Thumb is that for every 1 sentence of quotation you provide at least 2 sentences of your own commentary explaining how the quoted text supports your claim in the topic sentence.

  14. Use lead-ins • Perhaps it is not that surprising, then, that women make up a significant new addition to the motorcycle market. • An article in Working Woman reports that “[t]oday 1 out of every 11 American motorcycle owners is a woman, compared with 1 out of 100 in 1960” (Aronson 18).

  15. Commentary that directly follows the parenthetical citation • The overall increase in motorcycle sales can be attributed, in part, to this increase in female riders. Because many women have experience a growth in disposable income, they can now make motorcycle purchases on their own, without the help from their male partners.

  16. Conclude the paragraph • The biker image now seems more accessible and acceptable, and women can more comfortably fit into this lifestyle. • And transition smoothly into the next paragraph • This new and gentler image is in large part created by a return to the saddle by the Baby Boomers who had previously abandoned their riding days in exchange for families and careers.

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