Chapter 23 WORLD WAR II

1. Chapter 23 WORLD WAR II

2. The Coming of War 1931-1942 • What events caused World War II, and how did the United States become involved?

3. Standards • SSUSH19 • The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government. • SSUSH19.a • Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's response. • SSUSH19.b • Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese-Americans.

4. Dictators and WarsSection 1 • Why did totalitarian states rise after World War I, and what did they do? • Vocabulary: -totalitarianism appeasement -Spanish Civil War Joseph Stalin -Benito Mussolini Anschluss -Adolf Hitler Munich Pact -antisemitic

5. Dictators and Wars A Bitter Peace Unravels Main Idea: After World War I, extreme dictatorships known as totalitarian states rose up in many European countries. Repression in the Soviet Union and Italy Main Idea: Joseph Stalin rose to power in the Soviet Union and Benito Mussolini took control of Italy. Both used repression to exert control over their country. Aggressive Leaders in Germany and Japan Main Idea: The depression helped Hitler rise to power in Germany and led to Japan attempting to expand their empire with aggressive military action. Dictators Turn to Aggression Main Idea: The League of Nations was not able to stop rising aggression in Europe and Asia, therefore, Germany, Italy, and Japan’s aggressive acts continued throughout the 1930s. Aggression Goes Unchecked Main Idea: The United States and other democratic nations tried to grant some concessions to totalitarian nations in order to prevent another war. …

6. THE AXIS POWERS

7. Definitions • Alliance – union or association of nations that is set up to further the common interests of its members • Appeasement– policy of giving in to the demands of a hostile power to avoid conflict and maintain peace • Democracy – government’s power and authority rest with the people. People express their power through voting • Fascism – political philosophy that calls for the glorification of the nation above the individual – includes the use of force against opposition • Propaganda – media that supports the spread of ideas for the purpose of helping or damaging a cause • Totalitarianism– government that has total control of society. Power rest in the hands of a few people

8. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State CHART

9. Germany Faces Economic Collapse • A Troubled Germany • Treaty of Versailles • Economic unrest • Political Instability • Weimar Republic • US Response • Isolationism • War Debt Repayment • Dawes Plan

10. Rise of Adolf Hitler • Hitler’s Early Years • Hitler and the Nazi Party • Beer Hall Putsch • Mein Kampf • Aryan Race - • Hitler Becomes Dictator • Anti-Semitic Policies • Nuremburg Laws 1935 • Kristallnacht – Night of the Broken Glass • Hitler’s Policies • US Response • Focus on domestic concerns • Security through disarmament

11. Germany • Hitler, “Der Fuhrer”– a discontented Austrian painter who joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, became its head,, went to jail, wrote a book, and then won a following who made him their leader • Mein Kampf– “My Struggle” – Hitler’s best-selling first volume of his autobiography which outlines Nazi philosophy and plans for the nation • Rhineland – region in western Germany along the border of France and Belgium that had been closed to German military after WWI. Hitler invades, we appease him in 1936. • Sudetenland – region of eastern Czechoslovakia with a large German population, given to Germany as part of an appeasement deal in 1938.

12. German words to know… • Reichstag – German Parliament, makes Hitler a dictator • Luftwaffe – German version of the Air Force • Sitzkreig– sit down war – sitting still and waiting while the enemy makes battle plans and masses troops • Blitzkreig – lightening war – used tanks, artillery, and soldiers on foot to move rapidly into enemy territory before the enemy has time to react • Einsatzgruppen – German paramilitary forces, often called the SS. • Lebensraum – living space – what the Germans claimed they needed, why they are expanding…

13. Hitler Describes the Jews • 'The struggle between the people and the hatred amongst them is being nurtured by very specific interested parties. It is a small, rootless, international clique that is turning the people against each other, that does not want them to have peace ... It is the people who are at home both nowhere and everywhere, who do not have anywhere a soil on which they have grown up, but who live in Berlin today, in Brussels tomorrow, Paris the day after that, and then again in Prague or Vienna or London, and who feel at home everywhere. [Man in audience shouts 'The Jews!'] They are the only ones who can be addressed as international, because they conduct their business everywhere, but the people cannot follow them.'

14. Fascism in Italy • Turmoil • Same as rest of the world • Cheated by the Treaty of Versailles • Depression • Mussolini and Fascism • Why would Fascism appeal to anyone? • Order and control during chaos • Promise to revive the Roman Empire • Private Property • Rise to Power • Italian Imperialism • US Response • Neutrality Acts • Moral Embargo

15. ITALY • Mussolini, “Il Duce”– WWI vet who organized Fascist groups. When he threatened to march on Rome, the king panicked and made him Prime Minister. • Black Shirts– Il Duce’s Fascist thugs who “controlled the opposition”, • “The Country is nothing without Conquest.” • Ethiopia – March 1936 – Il Duce’s first conquest

16. Spanish Civil War • Spanish Civil War • Francisco Franco and the Nationalist Party • Hitler and Muss helped out • Rome-Berlin Axis • Military Alliance • US Response • Neutrality is tested

17. Rise of Militarism in Japan • Militarism in Japan • Depression and second rate reputation led to Military Leaders gaining power • Japanese Imperialism • Attacked Manchuria 1931 • Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis • Shanghai 1937 • US Response • Words w/o Deeds • Quarantine Speech

18. JAPAN • Unhappiness with their position in the world of the 1920s, Japan expanded to fill their need for raw materials and markets and land for their growing population. • 1931 – Japan seizes Manchuria, and its conquest of Asia begins. • Hideki Tojo– Minister of War for Japan, leader of military after 1941. • Kamikaze – suicide airplanes used as strategic bombs to take out ships in the pacific. • 1940 – Japan controls most of Eastern China. Signs neutrality agreement with Soviet Union as well!

20. The Rape of Nanking

25. Totalitarian – governments that control every aspect of citizens’ lives • Fascism – political philosophy that places the nation in a place of greatest importance, even over the individual • Tripartite Pact– neutrality pact and alliance between the Axis powers, signed September 1940.

26. Reading Skill: Summarize TRANSPARENCY Note Taking: Reading Skill: Summarize

27. Violation and Appeasement • Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles • Reoccupies the Rhineland on the French Border • The Sudetenland • 3 million Germans lived in the West Border of Czechoslovakia • The Munich Agreement • Appeasement of Hitler • US Response • Negotiation and appeasement

29. Invasion of Czechoslovakia • Hitler Invades • Goes against Munich promise • Made demands of Poland • Wanted Danzig and Polish Corridor • Nazi-Soviet Pact • Non-aggression pact of Hitler and Stalin • Secret plan to divide Poland • Plan to Invade Poland • US Response • Pressing for Peace • Planning for War

31. Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Identify Main Ideas

32. Political Cartoons: The Nazi Party TRANSPARENCY Transparency: Political Cartoons: The Nazi Party

33. PM TRANSPARENCY Progress Monitoring Transparency Progress Monitoring Transparency: Section 1

34. From Isolation to InvolvementSection 2 • How did Americans react to events in Europe and Asia in the early years of World War II? • Vocabulary: -Neutrality Act of 1939 blitzkrieg -Axis Powers Tripartite Pact -Allies Lend-Lease Act -Winston Churchill Atlantic Charter

35. From Isolation to Involvement Roosevelt Opposes Aggression Main Idea: Roosevelt was against the aggression occurring in Europe and Asia, but did not take direct action against the totalitarian countries. War Erupts in Europe Main Idea: When Germany invaded Poland, war broke out and eventually expanded across Europe. Americans Debate Involvement Main Idea: Early on, most Americans were against getting involved in the war, but slowly began supporting Britain America Takes Steps Toward War Main Idea: The United States began providing open support to Britain, and received an aggressive response from Germany. Continued…

36. Reading Skill: Sequence NOTE TAKING

37. World War II Begins • Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 • Blitzkrieg • US RESPONSE • Neutrality Questioned • Cash and Carry Plan • American Public Opinion

38. FDR’s Quarantine Speech • “When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease.…War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. We are determined to keep out of war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against the disastrous effects of war and the dangers of involvement.” President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine speech, October 5, 1937

39. Poland Falls to the Nazis • Britain and France signed an alliance with Poland, guaranteeing aid if Hitler attacked • Hitler signed a Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact with the Soviets on August 23, 1939 (agreed to divide Poland) • September 1, 1939, war started with blitzkrieg • War entered an eight-month period of quiet known as the “phony war”

40. German Blitzkrieg TRANSPARENCY Transparency: German Blitzkrieg

41. FALL OF FRANCE • French Maginot Line • Belgium Corridor • France Falls in 6 Weeks • British and French troops escape from Dunkirk

42. US Supports Great Britain • Britain is Isolated • France goes down early • Britain was lone power with ability to stop AXIS • Atlantic Charter - • Winston Churchill – New Prime Minister of Britain • FDR and Churchill Met • Seek no territory • Support self-rule • US Response • Lend-Lease Act – March 1941 • Arsenal of Democracy • Garden Hose • Germany Attacks US Destroyers

43. Great Britain • Winston Churchill– PM of GB during the war. • “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.” • The Bombing of Great Britain– Battle of Britain Hitler attempted to destroy GB’s will to fight back against German advances. (Remember the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe? That’s why the kids were sent from London to the country!)

44. Battle of Britain 1940

45. European Theater

46. Isolationists and Interventionists • Isolationistswanted complete neutrality • America First Committee criticized FDR’s pro-British policies • Charles Lindbergh was a leader, who feared the Soviet Union and Japan • Interventionists wanted to help Great Britain and the Allies in order to stay out of the war, but they believed that the U.S. should prepare for war • Election of 1940 – FDR defeated Republican Wendell Willkie

47. Political Cartoons: The Only Way to Save Democracy ANALYZE Analyze: Political Cartoons: The Only Way to Save Democracy

48. Should the United States Enter World War II? QUICK STUDY Quick Study: Should the United States Enter World War II?

49. United States • FDR – the president. • “We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression--everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-- everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want . . . everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear . . . anywhere in the world.”

50. Neutrality Act – we will stay out of it both by not fighting and not selling military stuff to countries who are fighting • American Pacific Fleet moved from California to Pearl Harbor. (bad decision!) • Lend-Lease Act • German U-boats attack American ships • “The Great Arsenal of Democracy” – the idea that the US military’s assets are available for use for defense of democratic countries against foreign aggressors • December 7, 1941, “A day which will live in infamy.”