1 / 57

CH 21, sect. 4 – Nation Building in Latin America

CH 21, sect. 4 – Nation Building in Latin America In Latin America society was divided into the following class structure: Peninsulares – born in Spain/Portugal, they lived temporarily in the Americas, they had the most power.

zubin
Télécharger la présentation

CH 21, sect. 4 – Nation Building in Latin America

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. CH 21, sect. 4 – Nation Building in Latin America In Latin America society was divided into the following class structure: Peninsulares – born in Spain/Portugal, they lived temporarily in the Americas, they had the most power. Creoles – Born in the Americas, most were of European blood, ran the gov’t, they disliked the Peninsulares and being told what to do by the mother country.

  2. Mestizos /Mullatos– People of mixed race: Europeans with Natives or Africans, had little power, but were the majority of the population. Natives – AKA Indians, were at the bottom of the class structure.

  3. Revolt in Mexico: • Miguel Hidalgo, a parish priest, led mestizos and Indians to rebel against the Spanish in 1810. • The rebellion was crushed and Hidalgo was executed. • This event is commemorated as Mexican Independence Day – Sept. 16, 1810.

  4. Impact of Hidalgo’s rebellion: • Peninsulares and creoles were terrified that mestizos and Indians rebelled. • As a result the two groups decided to overthrow Spanish rule as a way to preserve power. • In 1821 Mexico declared independence from Spain.

  5. Revolts in South America: • Jose de San Martin: From Argentina, creole elite, liberated Argentina, Chile, and Peru from Spanish rule. • Simon Bolivar: From Venezuela, creole elite, liberated Venezuela, Columbia, Peru, and Ecuador. • They joined forces to defeat the Spanish at the Battle of Ayacucho on Dec. 9, 1824.

  6. 1824: Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, Columbia, Venezuela, Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile are independent from Spain. • 1838-1839: Central American countries: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua gain independence. • 1822: Brazil declared independence from Portugal.

  7. Impact of Latin American Independence: • Concert of Europe wanted to invade Latin America and restore Spanish control. • USA and Britain opposed this. • USA issued the Monroe Doctrine: Guaranteed Latin American independence and warned against European intervention.

  8. Problems with nation building in Latin America: • Wars had led to loss of life, property, and livestock. • New nations went to war because of disputed boundaries. • National unity was difficult because of geography and lack of infrastructure (railroads, telegraph, roads)

  9. The Caudillos: • Strong leaders who took over Latin America countries after independence. • Usually supported by the military and landowners. • Most were corrupt. • Some built roads, canals, ports, schools, etc. • Most harmed their countries.

  10. New Imperialism and Inequality in Latin America: • Great Britain and the USA continued trade with Latin America after independence. • Latin American economies were dominated by outsiders. • Wealthy landowners still controlled everything. • They controlled the gov’t, courts, military. • Used plantations to make enormous profits. • Poverty was widespread for the masses.

  11. United States in Latin America: • Spanish American War: 1898, USA gained control of Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. • 1903: USA supported a rebellion that allowed Panama to break away from Columbia. • USA got land 10 miles wide from the Pacific to the Atlantic. • USA began to build (finish) the Panama Canal. • 1898-1933: USA sent its military to the following places to protect American interests: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Columbia, Haiti, and Dominican Republic.

  12. Revolution in Mexico: • Porfirio Diaz: ruled from 1877-1911, rule benefited the wealthy, the church, landowners, and foreign capitalists. • 95% of the population owned no land, wages declined, there was famine. • Diaz was forced from power by Francisco Madero -- Madero was ineffective and a revolution started. • Emiliano Zapata: led peasants to take land from the landowners.

More Related