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China Rejects Europeans. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Defeated Mongol rulers of China Paid tribute by Korea, and other Southeast Asian countries Expected the Europeans pay tribute. Hongwu: first emperor of Ming dynasty Reformed agriculture in China Increased rice production
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China Rejects Europeans • Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) • Defeated Mongol rulers of China • Paid tribute by Korea, and other Southeast Asian countries • Expected the Europeans pay tribute
Hongwu: first emperor of Ming dynasty • Reformed agriculture in China • Increased rice production • Improved irrigation • Fish farming • Commercial crops
Restored merit-based civil service exams • Return to Confucian moral standards • Yonglo: Hongwu’s son and successor • Moved capital to Beijing • Launched 7 voyages of exploration
Zheng He: captain of 7 voyages • Sailed to Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and Eastern Africa • Some say he sailed around Africa, and perhaps even to the coast of California! • Extends tribute system
Ming dynasty and foreign trade • Allowed foreign trade in only 3 ports • Commerce offended Confucian beliefs • Taxes on commerce was high • Results: black market is established
Qing Dynasty • Came from Manchuria (Manchus) • Took the name Qing in order to fit in • Forced Chinese men to wear hair in pigtail • Upheld traditional Confucian beliefs • Secured their borders • Restored prosperity
Kangshi: Qing emperor • Lowered taxes • Reduced government spending • Supported arts and sciences in China • Had access to knowledge from outside world (including Europe)
Qing dynasty and trade • Special ports • Pay tribute • “kowtow” • Accepted Dutch as trade partners • Silk, spices, porcelain, and tea was highly sought by European powers • 80% of shipments in 1800 from China was tea
Korea • Korea paid tribute to the Manchus before they became the Qing dynasty • Established their government according to Confucian principles • The result of long control by the Manchus, Korea developed strong nationalist feelings
Life in Ming and Qing China • Greater focus on agriculture meant great population growth • By 1800 China’s population exceeded 300 million – what is current U.S. population? • Nutrition and diet improved • Women were considered inferior to men