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Graphing

Graphing. Independent vs. Dependent. In an experiment, the variable that YOU change is the Independent Variable The variable that you measure is the Dependent variable EX: We are going to grow bean plants over the next few weeks. Quantitative vs. Qualitative.

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Graphing

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  1. Graphing

  2. Independent vs. Dependent • In an experiment, the variable that YOU change is the Independent Variable • The variable that you measure is the Dependent variable • EX: We are going to grow bean plants over the next few weeks.

  3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative • Quantitative – something you observe or measure using numbers – • EX: he is 6 ft tall • Qualitative – something you observe or measure using descriptions only – • Ex:he is tall

  4. Data Tables Dependent Variable Independent Variable Units Straight lines drawn with a ruler

  5. Or like this…. Independent Variable Straight lines drawn with a ruler Units Dependent Variable

  6. Types of Graphs • Bar Graph • Qualitative vs. Quantitative • Line Graph • Quantitative vs. Quantitative • Circle Graph • Percentages

  7. Rules for Graphing • You MUST use graph paper and a ruler!!! • The independent variable is on the X-axis • The dependent variable is on the y-axis • DRY MIX • DRY – Dependent, Responding, Y-axis • MIX – Manipulated, Independent, X-axis

  8. The axes should be labeled with the measured quantity and the unit in which it was measured. Use Both!!!

  9. Scales on the axes should be appropriate for the data, spread out as much as possible, and the axis must be divided evenly giving each square the same value.

  10. Title should be in Y-axis vs. X-axis format Density of water vs. Temperature of water

  11. TAILS • T itle • A xis • I ntervals • L abels • S cale

  12. Is there a relationship between thumb length and number of wins? • Independent Variable? • Thumb length • Dependent Variable? • Number of wins Thumb Length (mm) Number of Wins

  13. Is there a relationship between thumb length and number of wins? # of wins vs. thumb length # of wins Thumb Length (mm) ** Use this if we are comparing the number of wins

  14. Is there a relationship between thumb length and number of wins? # of wins vs. thumb length # of wins ** Use this if we are looking for a trend in the number of wins Thumb Length (mm)

  15. Extrapolation: • Extrapo – huh?? • Extrapolation – using a graph to make an estimation outside the known range. • Example please….

  16. Physical science students poured liquid into a graduated cylinder and measured the mass of several pre-determined volumes. Use your graph to predict the mass of 23 mL of liquid • Draw a line of best fit: a straight line that encompasses as many points as possible. • Draw a line up from 23 until it reaches the line of best fit. • Draw a line over to the y-axis and read the measurement. • The mass of 23mL of water is approximately 79.0 grams. • Why doesn’t the line of best fit go through the origin? • The container that holds the liquid has mass

  17. Interpolate • So the opposite of extrapolate is…. • INTERPOLATE! • using a graph to make an estimation within the known range • This process is very similar to extrapolating.

  18. Physical science students poured liquid into a graduated cylinder and measured the mass of several pre-determined volumes. Use your graph to predict the mass of 10 mL of liquid • Draw a line of best fit: • Draw a line up from 10 until it reaches the line of best fit. • Draw a line over to the y-axis and read the measurement. • The mass of 10mL of water is approximately 61.0 grams.

  19. Start a New Page…BARBIE BUNGEE JUMP!!

  20. Purpose: To use EXTRAPOLATION to provide a THRILLING, yet SAFE, jump from the top of the bleachers (4.6 m). Note: “Thrilling” is .5 m or less than from the ground!!  Problem: What is therelationship between the drop distance and the number of rubber bands used to make the bungee cord? Identify independent, dependent and controlled variables. Hypothesis: (An “If… then...” statement) Materials: Barbie, meter stick, rubber bands

  21. Procedure: • Use one rubber band to secure Barbie’s ankles together and to serve as a point of attachment. Use another rubber band to secure hair and arms • Construct a bungee cord composed of 2 rubber bands and attach to Barbie’s ankles. • Barbie will fall freely from a standing position, plunging head first. Test drop Barbie 3 times to practice taking measurements. • Drop Barbie 3 times and record measurement • Add 1 rubber band to your attached bungee cord. Drop Barbie three times and record the data. • Repeat step 4 and 5 until you have a total of 6 rubber bands. Record data each time. • Calculate the average and round to the nearest .01 m. Record in the data table.

  22. Fill in the following on your lab: • IV • DV • Constants • Hypothesis: If/Then….. • Draw the Axes on your graph

  23. Turn in your graphing packet!!! • Double check to make sure everything is there • Analysis: • Graph your average drop height vs. number of rubber bands • Use your line of best fit and predict how many rubber bands would be needed to allow Barbie a successful, yet thrilling, jump from the top of the bleachers (5.4 meters). – write this in your lab!! • Prediction: ________________ • Result: ___________________

  24. Monday, September 13Answer the following in your notebook: • Conclusion: • How did you use your graph to make the prediction of the number of rubber bands for a jump from the bleachers? • How did your result compare to your prediction? • Why do you think the results turned out the way they did? • Is the origin (0,0) a valid point (meaning will the line go through it)? Why/why not? • Glue in your hand drawn graph. Make sure it has labels and a title!!

  25. Graphing Test • You have a graphing test Wednesday. You will be asked to create two data tables and to graph the data on those tables. You may use your science notebook. Make sure it is ready to go!! Do not forget to bring it to class.

  26. Barbie Bungee Jump – Part 1 • Purpose: To ensure a safe and thrilling jump, you will determine the relationship between the drop distance and the number of rubber bands to make the bungee cord. • Materials: Barbie, meter stick, rubber bands • Procedure: • Use one rubber band to secure Barbie’s ankles together and to serve as a point of attachment. Use another rubber band to secure hair and arms (see teacher demonstration). • Construct a bungee cord composed of 2 rubber bands and attach to Barbie’s ankles. • Barbie will fall freely from a standing position, plunging head first. Test drop Barbie 3 times to practice taking measurements. • Drop Barbie 3 times and record measurement • Add a rubber band to your attached bungee cord. Drop Barbie three times and record the data. • Repeat step 4 until you have a total of 6 rubber bands. Record data each time. • Calculate the average of the data and record.

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