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Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Movement was a pivotal period in American history, marked by widespread discontent among African Americans regarding segregation and inequality, particularly after WWII. Key events included the Montgomery Bus Boycott initiated by Rosa Parks, the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, and the March on Washington where MLK delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. Organizations like CORE and SNCC played vital roles through peaceful protests and grassroots activism. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 symbolized significant victories, yet challenges persisted with ongoing racial tensions and calls for Black empowerment.

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Civil Rights Movement

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  1. Civil Rights Movement

  2. Civil Rights Early Demands for Equality • AA discontent with segregation after WWIIJim Crow Laws • De Jure Segregation: enforced by law vs. De Facto Segregation: by tradition • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)- non violent protest group

  3. Civil Rights • Brown vs. Board of Education • NAACP challenges Plessy vs. Ferguson • Segregated schools violate US constitution SC Chief Justice Earl Warren • Little Rock 9: Ark. Gov. refused integration- called in Nat’l Grd. • Pres. Eisenhower sends Federal troops to escort students

  4. Civil Rights • Montgomery Bus Boycott: Rosa Parks refuses to move seat for white person, AA boycott bus riding for over 1 yr finally declared unconstitutional • MLK Jr. preaches non violent resistanceSouthern Christian Leadership Conf. (SCLC

  5. Civil Rights Movement Gains Ground • Integration slow in coming- several forms of protest grow • Greensboro sit-in: 4 black students refuse to move when Woolworth’s refused them service • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comm. (SNCC)- grass roots mvmt to defeat racism

  6. Civil Rights • “Freedom Riders”- 1961- CORE stages freedom rides through deep south to protest segregation on public transportation met with bombs and mobs • Pres. Kennedy sends federal troopers to protect riders

  7. Civil Rights • March On Washington: SNCC, SCLS, CORE, etc protest MLK “I have A Dream” Speech • Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1964: banned segregation in public facilities

  8. Civil Rights New Successes and Challenges • AA still face voting restrictions (poll taxes, literacy tests)Freedom Summer • Students in Miss. register hundreds of AA to vote • Voting Rights Act of 1965 and 24th Am: bans literacy tests and poll taxes • Baker vs. Carr- limit gerrymandering based on race • Race riots: LA, NJ, AA use violence against cops, white business owners

  9. Civil Rights New voices of Civil Rights • Malcolm X: Nation of Islam AA radical- separation of races • Black Power: continue fight for equality • Black Panthers: militant AA- armed patrols, extremist group • 1968: MLK assassinated by James Earl Ray

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