1. LiuPan mountains Figure 1

2. Figure 2 20 15 10 Species Sobs 5 Michaelis-Menten Chao1 Jackknife2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Samples

3. Figure 3 Afforestation gradient Deforestation gradient Afforested set-aside fields Woody shrub Non-woody shrub Tall grassland Ploughed fields Afforested grassland Young forest A priori habitat classification Forest dAIC=-19.3 Step 1 Shrub - grassland Merging procedure dAIC=-15.8 Step 2 Forest - Woody shrub dAIC=-12.5 Step 3 Young forest -afforested grassl. Afforested set-aside fields A posterior habitat classification Ploughed fields Young forest -afforested grassl. Forest - woody shrub Shrub - grassland

4. Figure 4 Forest - woody shrub (*) Shrub - grassland (*) Trapping probability Trapping probability Tstr Tstr Crlo Crlo Disa Nico Spld Disa Nico Spld Socy Socy Eose Eose Eosp Apag Appe Apag Appe Eosp Ocda Ochu Ocda Ochu Mumu Mumu Species Species Ploughed fields Afforested set-aside fields Trapping probability Trapping probability Tstr Tstr Crlo Crlo Disa Nico Disa Nico Spld Spld Socy Socy Eose Eose Apag Appe Eosp Apag Appe Eosp Ocda Ochu Ocda Ochu Mumu Mumu Species Species Young forest - afforested grassland (*) Trapping probability Tstr Crlo Spld Disa Nico Socy Eose Apag Appe Ocda Ochu Eosp Mumu Species

5. Figure 5 a. Species density 6 5 4 Species 3 2 Forest-woody shrub a, b Shrub-grassland b Ploughed fields a, b 1 Young forest-afforested grassl. a, b Set-aside fields a 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Samples b. Species richness 6 5 4 Species 3 2 Forest-woody shrub a, b Shrub-grassland b Ploughed fields a, b 1 Young forest-afforested grassl. a, b Set-aside fields a 0 0 20 40 60 Individuals

6. Figure 6 Alpha diversity (Simpson) 6 5 4 3 Simpson diversity 2 Forest-woody shrub 1 Shrub-grassland Ploughed fields Young forest-afforested grassl. Set-aside fields 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Samples

7. Figure 7 0.8 0.6 Forest-woody shrub Chao-Jaccard distance 0.4 0.2 Shrub-grassland 0.0 Ploughed Young forest-afforested grassl. Set-aside fields