1. Heart Disease Pine Manor College March 5, 2008 Katherine Malanson

2. Heart Disease Which of these people has heart disease???

3. At the end of this session today you will Cite prevalence and incidence data of heart disease Identify major ethnic and gender differences in heart disease prevalence and incidence Identify the major structures of the heart, including atria, ventricles and valves Understand the basis of the cardiac action potential Objectives

4. Prevalence • Heart disease, also called Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), is a number of abnormal conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. • Worldwide heart disease kills more than 17.5 million people, which is 30% of all deaths. • Over 80% of chronic disease deaths occur in low and middle income countries.

5. Pop Quiz How many people die of heart disease in the United States each year? a. 200,000 b. 400,000 c. 600,000 d. 800,000

6. Causes of Death for all People in the United States

7. Percentage Breakdown of Deaths from Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

8. Pop Quiz What is the projected cost of heart disease for 2006, including health care services, medications, and lost productivity? a. 100 million b. 750 million c. 100 billion d. 250 billion

9. Risk Factors for CVD

10. Pop Quiz In 2003, what percentage of adults reported having two or more of six risk factors for heart disease and stroke? a. 0 – 24 % b. 25 – 49 % c. 50 – 74% d. 75 – 100%

11. Does Heart Disease Affect Men more than Women?

12. What about Ethnicity?

13. The Heart: Anatomy

14. The Heart: Anatomy • Layers • Pericardium • Myocardium • Endothelium • Two sides • Right • Left • Four chambers • Upper – Atria • Lower - Ventricles 7 1 6 5 4 2 3

15. The Heart: Anatomy • AV valves – between the atrium and ventricle • Right AV valve - tricuspid valve • Left AV valve – mitral valve • Pulmonary Valve • Aortic Valve 1 2 3 4

16. Path of a Blood Cell

17. Pop Quiz • How much blood does the heart pump in a day? a. 100 gallons b. 1000 gallons c. 2000 gallons d. 5000 gallons

18. The Heart as a Muscular Pump Cardiac Muscle - striated due to arrangement of myosin and actin - adjacent cells are joined end to end by intercalated disks - adjacent cells are electrically linked by gap junctions

19. Cardiac Excitation Conducting system of the heart

20. Cardiac Excitation

21. Pop Quiz How many times does the human heart “beat” (expand and contract) in a day? a. 50,000 b. 100,000 c. 150,000 d. 200,000

22. Cardiac Action Potential Ion channel permeability during Action Potential

23. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) • P – atrial depolarization • QRS – ventricular depolarization • T – ventricular repolarization

24. Cardiac Action Potential A. Clinical – EKG B. Cellular - Action Potential C C. Molecular – Electrophysiology recordings

25. Objectives • Now you should be able to • Cite prevalence and incidence data of heart disease • Identify major ethnic and gender differences in heart disease prevalence and incidence • Identify the major structures of the heart, including atria, ventricles and valves. • Understand the basis of the cardiac action potential