Unit 3

1. Unit 3 Succeeding in a Complex World

2. Reading 1 Hope Emerges as the Key to Success in Life

3. Fast reading Questions • 1. What are Dr. Snyder’s major research findings? Are they directly stated or are they inferred? • 2. According to the research on hope by Dr. Snyder, can you predict the fate of those who had less hope? • 3. Are some people naturally hopeful and others naturally pessimistic? • 4. How do you understand the proverb “where there’s a will, there’s a way”? What’s Dr. Snyder’s attitude towards it?

4. Outline of the Text • Part I (1): Introduction • Hope plays a powerful role in people’s success in life. • Part II (2-4): A Measure of Success • Hope is a powerful predictor of outcome. • Part III (5-9): Ability and Attitude • To accomplish one’s goals, one needs to have both the will and the way. • Part IV (10-12): Portrait of Hope • People with high levels of hope share several attributes. • Part V (13): Nurturing Hope • Snyder and his colleagues are trying to design programs to help children nurture hope.

5. Language Points

6. Difficult Sentences • Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly powerful role in giving people a measurable advantage in areas as diverse as academic achievement, bearing up in oppressive jobs, and coping with tragic illness. （para.1） • 心理学家发现，希望带给人们在不同领域的好处多得令人惊讶，从获得学术成就，到承担超负荷工作，再到应对病魔。

7. Dr. Snyder’s scale assesses the degree to which people think that they can cope with adversity by asking, for instance, whether they typically find they can think of many ways to get out of a jam or find ways to solve problems that discourage others.（para. 5） • 斯奈德博士的测量方法向研究对象询问下列问题，如：他们是否能想到很多方法摆脱困境，或想办法解决使别人气馁的问题，通过询问此类问题来评估人们应对逆境的能力。

8. assess v. • 1) be assessed at 估定…的价值 • The value of this property was assessed at one million dollars. • 2) 估价,评价 • It is too early to assess the effects of the new legislation. • 现在来评价新法规的效果为时尚早。 • n. assessment

9. attain v. • More women are attaining positions of power in public life. • After a year she had attained her ideal weight. • Compare: retain, sustain, maintain

10. equivalent • a.相等的,相同的 (+to) • His reply is equivalent to a refusal. • A meter is equivalent to 39.37 inches. • n.等价物,同义字 • Some English words have no Chinese equivalents.

11. aptitude n. • 1. 倾向,习性 • Squirrels have an aptitude for storing food. • 2. 天资,才能;颖悟 • He skipped the fourth grade because of his aptitude. • 他因天资聪颖从三年级跳到了五年级。 • Compare: attitude, altitude, latitude, gratitude

12. Blur n. & v. 模糊，使模糊 • n. Everything becomes a blur when you travel beyond a certain speed. • v. Tears blurred her eyes. • Her eyes blurred with tears. • I blurred my report by spilling milk on it.

13. attribute v. • v. 把...归因于;把...归咎于 (+to) • He attributed his good health to exercise. • n. 属性;特性,特质 • Kindness is one of her attributes. • Compare: contribute, distribute

14. persist v. • He persists in riding that dreadful bicycle. • They persisted with the agricultural reforms, despite opposition from the farmers. • She persisted with her studies in spite of financial problems. • Fog will persist throughout the night. • His persistence was rewarded when they finally agreed to resume discussions. （持续） （坚持不懈）

15. in a tight spot • You can’t fully recognize the value of the training program until you are in a tight spot. • Compare: • on the spot • put sb. in a spot • fight/ get sb. out of a tight spot 在现场，当场 使某人陷入困境 使某人摆脱困境

16. nurture v. • 1.养育，培育 • Mother has the duty to nurture her children. • 2.培养 • Reading aloud nurtures a love of books in children. • The goal of the economic policies is to create jobs and nurture new industries.

17. Reading 2 Finding Out What Motivates You

18. Read the text and do exercise 1 on page 58. Keys: 1. 1)-7) Y N Y N Y NG N 8) value-based happiness 9) relate better to other people 10) pass their own desires off

19. Structure of the Text • Part I (1-2) The Sixteen Basic Desires • Part II (3-5) Research on Self-Discovery • Part III(6-8) Uses of Profile Please find out the main ideas of each paragraph and fill in the blanks on page 59.

20. Difficult sentences • Do you know — really know —, with confidence —what makes you tick? Can you imagine how your life might different if you had an inventory of the things that truly motivates you, and those that don’t? （Para. 1） • 你是否知道—并且十分确定—是什么推动你做这样那样的事情？想象一下，如果你有一份清单，上面罗列着所有能激发你兴趣的事情和你不感兴趣的事情，你的生活是否会因此不同？

21. Difficult sentences • By examining how you feel about each of the sixteen desires, you come up with your own “desire profile”, showing your own ranking of strongest, average, and weakest desires. • 通过对16种欲望不同需求的研究，可以勾画出你自己不同于他人的“欲望档案”，展示你个人内心的欲望，或强烈，或一般，或微弱。

22. Difficult sentences • The theory is that once you have your own desire profile, you can start to make changes in your life to reflect it. • 赖斯的理论是这样的：一旦人们有了需求档案，就可以着手根据档案改造自己的生活。

23. Language Points • motivate v. • He was motivated by love, and expected nothing in return. • We must motivate students to take charge of their own learning.

24. Language Points • entitle v. • 1. 给...权力(或资格)[(+to)] • What entitles you to order us about? • 你有什么权力命令我们做事? • This ticket entitles you to a free lunch. • 凭这张票你可免费享用午餐。 • Women are entitled to maternity leave. • 妇女有权享有产假。 • 2. 给(书等)题名;给...称号 • The book is entitled “Crime and Punishment”.

25. deliberate • a. 1.深思熟虑的,慎重的,谨慎的 • His manner was quiet, his speech deliberate. • 他举止文静,说话审慎。 • 2. 故意的,蓄意的 • The car crash wasn’t an accident; it was a deliberate attempt to kill him! • v. 1. 仔细考虑,思考[(+about/on/upon)]，商议 • They are deliberating upon what to do. • The committee deliberated whether to approve our proposal.

26. come up with • So far, very few scientists have come up with completely feasible solutions to the world’s global changes in climate.

27. guarantee v. • They have guaranteed that any faulty parts will be replaced free of charge. • All our food is guaranteed free of artificial preservatives.

28. guarantee n. • 1. 保证;商品保证;保证书 • The TV set has a year's guarantee. • 这台电视机有一年的保修期。 • You have my guarantee that I'll finish the job on time. • 我向你保证按时完成工作。 • 2. 起保证作用的事物 • A diploma is no guarantee of efficiency. • 3. 担保品,抵押品[C] • I can offer my land as a guarantee. • 4. 保证人;被保证人[C]

29. opt for • After recent setbacks in the stock market, most people are now opting for low-risk investments.

30. If only / only if • If only 1. 只要 • If only it clears up , we'll go. • 只要天一放晴,我们就去。 • 2. 但愿 • If only he arrives in time. • Only if • (用于句首,后接从句主谓倒装)只要;只有 • Only if we understand can we care; only if we care will we help; only if we help shall all be saved.

31. manifest v. • Her actions manifested a complete disregard for personal safety. • The disease typically manifests itself in high fever and chest pains.

32. Writing Write an essay entitled “The Importance of Hope for College Students”, with no less than 150 words.