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Fertile Crescent

Fertile Crescent. 1. Rich fertile soil (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers). 2. Bantu Migrations. Movement of people from West Africa as a result of the Sahara Desert ie: cultural diffusion. 3. Paleolithic Era Neolithic Revolution. Paleolithic – hunters followed their food

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Fertile Crescent

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  1. Fertile Crescent • 1. Rich fertile soil (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)

  2. 2. Bantu Migrations • Movement of people from West Africa as a result of the Sahara Desert ie: cultural diffusion

  3. 3. Paleolithic EraNeolithic Revolution • Paleolithic – hunters followed their food • Neolithic – hunters followed their food and then brought it home. = first civilization

  4. 4. Polytheistic/ Monotheistic • Poly = many gods • Mono = one god

  5. 5. Mandate of Heaven • Order from god which selects leadership in China = Dynastic Cycle

  6. 6. Feudalism • Military service exchanged for land and protection

  7. 7. Hellenistic Age • Age of Alex the Great- he blended PIGE (Persian, Indian, Greek and Egyptian) cultures through his conquest. = cultural diffusion

  8. 8. Pax Romana (Golden Age) • 200 years of peace in Rome • Advancement in many areas

  9. 9. Silk Road • Trade route that linked China with the west contributing to cultural diffusion.

  10. 10. Animism • Belief that spirits live in the natural world • Similar to Shintoism and Taoism

  11. 11. Hinduism • Religion • India • Polytheistic • Reincarnation • Karma • Dharma • Caste system (social structure) • Moksha • Upanishads, Gita, Vedas

  12. 12. Buddhism • Religion • No gods • Reincarnation • Karma • Dharma • No caste system • 4 Noble Truths and 8 Fold Path • Nirvana • 3 Baskets of Wisdom

  13. 13. Islam • Religion • Allah • Muhammad • 622 AD • 5 Pillars (Hajj, Ramadan) • mosque • Quran (Koran)

  14. 14. Taoism • Philosophy • Balance and harmony • Means “the way”

  15. 15. Shinto • Japanese religion • Means way of the gods

  16. 16. Confucianism • Philosophy • China • 5 Relationships (set examples and follow them) • Filial Piety • Order, structure • The Analects (sacred book)

  17. 17. Early Chinese Society • Social structure • Gentry • Peasants • Merchants

  18. 18. Maurya and Gupta Dynasties • India Empires • Influenced by Hinduism • 200 Years • Fell due to weak leadership and invasions

  19. 19. Autocrat • Single ruler with absolute power

  20. 20. Schism • A split within religion • Examples: • Protestant Reformation • Sunni and Shiite Islam • Eastern Orthodox

  21. 21. Golden Age of Islam • Time period when things were good • Many advancements

  22. 22. icon • Holy image

  23. 23. Manorialism • An economic system structured around a lord’s manor • Goal: Self Sufficiency

  24. 24. Secular • Worldly (non-religious) • Associated with Renaissance

  25. 25. Crusades • A series of religious wars attempting to obtain the holy land (Islam versus Catholicism) • Resulted in an increase of trade

  26. 26. Japanese Feudal Structure • Social-structure

  27. 27. Bushido • Code of conduct for a samurai

  28. 28. Yuan Dynasty • Kublai Khans reign

  29. 29. Mughal Dynasty • Akbar the Great • Religious toleration

  30. 30. Renaissance • Time period when people began to question the Church, a time of Rebirth of science, arts and literature

  31. 31. Capitalism • Economic system based on trade and capital, money is used for investment. • Free Market • Supply and Demand

  32. 32. Humanism • Way of thinking that emerged during the Renaissance that promoted the individual

  33. 33. 95 Theses • List of grievances written by Martin Luther against the sale of indulgences created the Protestant Reformation.

  34. 34. Protestant Reformation • A schism in the Catholic Church that created the Protestant religion.

  35. 35. Magna Carta • A charter signed by England’s King John in 1215 • Placed limits on the King’s power

  36. 36. Savanna or Steppe • Grassy plain

  37. 37. Constantinople • The Rome of the eastern world • Heart of the Byzantine Empire

  38. 38. Reconquista • A campaign to reclaim Spain from the Muslims = Spain’s crusades

  39. 39. Imperialism • Domination by one country of the political, economic and social life of another region • Justified by Social Darwinism

  40. 40. Sepoy • An Indian in the British military • Sepoy Rebellion

  41. 41. Conquistador • A Spanish conqueror

  42. 42. Middle Passage • The voyage from Africa to the Americas (slave trade)

  43. 43. Encomienda • A system used in the Americas that allowed colonists to demand labor from the locals = slavery

  44. 44. Columbian Exchange • Global exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and technology that began in the 1400’s

  45. 45. Mercantilism • An economic policy by which a nation tries to export more than it imports • When a nation’s wealth is measured by the amount of gold and silver it possesses. • The main purpose of a colony is to enrich the parent country.

  46. 46. Absolutism • A political system where the rulers have absolute power • Power comes from god (divine rule)

  47. 47. Glorious Revolution • Non-violent overthrow of James II by William and Mary of Orange. • They signed the English Bill of Rights which further limited kings powers and created a limited monarchy.

  48. 48. English Bill of Rights • A document that gave rights to the people and took power away from the monarchy

  49. 49. Scientific Revolution • 1500’s and 1600’s new way of thinking that challenged traditional ideas of the Catholic Church.

  50. 50. Enlightenment • The period in the 1700s in which people rejected traditional ideas and supported a belief in human reason. • People started to question the relationship between themselves and their government.

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