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The New Deal

The New Deal did not end the Great Depression, but it lessened its severity and transformed the role of the federal government in American life. It introduced new responsibilities for ensuring the well-being of citizens and created opportunities for minorities, including women and African Americans. Key figures like Frances Perkins and Mary McLeod Bethune emerged, advocating for civil rights and labor protections. Despite significant advancements, challenges remained, including discrimination and unequal benefits for minority groups. The New Deal's mixed legacy prompts reflection on its successes and failures.

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The New Deal

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  1. The New Deal

  2. Effects • The New Deal did not end the Great Depression, but it helped lessen the harshness of it.

  3. Effects • The White House became the center of Government. • The federal government became responsible for the well-being of people.

  4. Affects on minorities • Some women were elected to official positions in the government. • Frances Perkins – cabinet member • Roosevelt appointed first female ambassador and female federal judges • Why would he do this? • Still, there was discrimination in the workplace.

  5. New Opportunities for African Americans • Mary McLeod Bethune • Head of the National Youth Administration, Office of Minority Affairs. • Organized “Black Cabinet” • Eleanor Roosevelt also helped open doors for African Americans in government • Marian Anderson sings at Lincoln Memorial!

  6. Roosevelt & Civil Rights • Roosevelt never fully committed to full civil rights for African Americans. • Why do you think this was? • Did not support: • Federal anti-lynching laws • Ending the poll tax* • Many New Deal programs favored white Americans • However, many African American’s supported Roosevelt!

  7. Mexican American Fortunes • Supported the New Deal, even though they got fewer benefits than others. • Many worked on the farms and for the CCC and WPA.

  8. Native American Gains • Strong government support from the New Deal! • Full citizenship! • Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 • Prohibited government from taking over unclaimed reservation lands and selling them to people other than Native Americans • Restored some reservation lands!

  9. The Labor Front • Workers rights were protected with the New Deal. • Standard wages/hours, banning child labor and ensuring the right of workers to organize and bargain were things many New Deal programs helped do.

  10. New Deal Coalition • Alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party • Southern whites, urban groups, African Americans & unionized industrial workers • What does this mean for the democratic party?

  11. Agriculture • Quotas set to control surpluses • Price supports for farmers and federal aid to farmers helped • Set minimum wages!

  12. Banks and Finances • Programs established new policies to monitor the banks and the stock market and enforce laws regarding the sale of stocks and bonds. • Securities and Exchange Commission • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • Emergency Banking Act

  13. New Deal – Did it help or not? • Please read the handout given in class. On each side, circle or highlight points that support the claim! • Now, decide which side you take and WHY. Write your reasons off to the side.

  14. Discussion Questions • In what ways did the new deal succeed? • In what ways did the new deal fail? • Which side are you on and why?

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