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Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Movement. Mr. Garcia. Truman signs Executive Order 9981. "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin."

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Civil Rights Movement

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  1. Civil Rights Movement Mr. Garcia

  2. Truman signs Executive Order 9981 • "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin." Get into 6 different groups. Two groups will do will do research on the Tuskegee Airmen. Two groups will do will do research on the 442ndRegimental Combat Team. Two groups will do will do research on the Code Talkers.

  3. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Dred Scott

  4. Plessyv. Ferguson(1896) • Plessy Ferguson, who was only 1/8th “black,” boarded a “whites only” car in the East Louisiana Railroad. He was asked to leave and to go to the “blacks only” car, but Plessy refused. He was arrested by a detective. Plessy took the state of Louisiana to court. • Plessy lost the case because the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of state laws that racially segregated people in public facilities under the doctrine “separate but equal.”

  5. Were separate facilities for colored people really separate but equal?

  6. Brown V. Board of Education (1954) • The decision overturns PlessyV. Ferguson (1896) ruling that sanctioned "separate but equal" segregation of the races, ruling that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." • The Supreme Court rules that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. • This leads to nation-wide desegregation.

  7. Rosa Parks • Rosa Parks, a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), refuses to give up her seat at the front of the "colored section" of a bus to a white passenger. • The bus driver calls the cops on her and she is arrested.

  8. In response to her arrest the Montgomery black community launches a bus boycott, which will last for more than a year, until the buses are desegregated Dec. 21, 1956.

  9. Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) • MLK is the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The SCLC becomes a major force in organizing the civil rights movement and bases its principles on nonviolence and civil disobedience. • MLK emphasized that the Civil Rights Movement shouldn’t sink to the level of the racists and hatemongers who opposed them: "We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline."

  10. Malcolm X • After watching the 1992 movie “Malcolm X,” and filling out your worksheets please discuss the following questions with your groups: • What were the tactical differences between Malcolm X and MLK? • Why do you think MLK is given more importance in history, than Malcolm X is?

  11. The Little Rock Nine • In Little Rock, Arkansas the Little Rock school board decided to comply with Brown V. Board (1954) ruling and Little Rock Central High, previously an “whites only” school, accepted nine black students. • The students were blocked from entering the school on the orders of Governor OrvalFaubus. • President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops and the National Guard to force integration.

  12. Greensboro sit-ins • David Richmond, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair Jr., and Joseph McNeil from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College begin a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. • Although they are refused service, they are allowed to stay at the counter. • This event sparks many similar nonviolent protests throughout the South. • The struggle for integration is seen in parks, swimming pools, theaters, libraries, and other public facilities.

  13. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” • MLK is arrested and jailed during anti-segregation protests in Birmingham, Alabama • While in jail he writes his “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” arguing that individuals have the moral duty to disobey unjust laws. • http://www.uscrossier.org/pullias/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/king.pdf • We will now be doing a Socratic Seminar on MLK’s “Letters from Birmingham Jail.” Please take out your handouts now.

  14. Eugene "Bull" Connor • During civil rights protests in Birmingham, Alabama, Commissioner of Public Safety Eugene "Bull" Connor uses fire hoses and police dogs on black demonstrators. • These images of brutality, which are televised and published widely, are instrumental in gaining sympathy for the civil rights movement around the world.

  15. March on Washington and MLK’s “I Have a Dream Speech.” • Listen to Common’s lyrics in the following song: A Dream. • He is inspired by MLK’s “I Have a Dream Speech.”

  16. March on Washington and MLK’s “I Have a Dream Speech.” Continued… • About 200,000 people march to Washington D.C. to protest for civil rights and an end to racism. • MLK gives his historic, iconic “I Have a Dream Speech,” speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial. If you are interested in reading the entire speech visit http://www.archives.gov/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf ,but you will not be tested on it.

  17. Breakthroughs!!!  • The 24th Amendment abolishes the poll tax, which originally had been instituted in 11 southern states after Reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote. • President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, or national origin. The law also provides the federal government with the powers to enforce desegregation. • Congress passes the Voting Rights Act of 1965, making it easier for Southern blacks to register to vote. Literacy tests, poll taxes, and other such requirements that were used to restrict black voting are made illegal.

  18. Affirmative Action • Asserting that civil rights laws alone are not enough to remedy discrimination, President Johnson issues Executive Order 11246, which enforces affirmative action for the first time. • It requires government contractors to "take affirmative action" toward prospective minority employees in all aspects of hiring and employment

  19. Affirmative Action continued… • Allan Bakke was a white guy who applied to UC Davis medical school, but got rejected, while other minorities with lower academic scores were being accepted to the same program. • He took the matter to court to the Supreme Court University of California v. Bakke (1978)and won admission into the school, on the basis that it was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. • California passed Proposition 209 in 1996, which amended the California State Constitution to prohibit state government institutions from considering race, sex, or ethnicity, specifically in the areas of public employment, public contracting or public education.

  20. Class Discussion • What is so controversial about affirmative action? • Do you agree with it or disagree with it? Why? • Now that you have learned about how the U.S. gave reparation money to Japanese people due to Japanese internment during WWII, do you think that affirmative action is a form of reparations to ALL minorities?

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