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Understanding the Foundations and Practices of Islam

Explore the essential tenets and practices of Islam, a monotheistic faith founded on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad around 622 CE. This overview details the core beliefs, including the significance of the Qur'an, the Five Pillars of Islam, and the principles of Islamic law that govern all aspects of life. Delve into the spiritual dimensions of Islam through its arts, music, and community practices while differentiating between the various schools of thought within the faith, such as Sunni, Shia, and Sufi traditions.

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Understanding the Foundations and Practices of Islam

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  1. Iran & Middle East

  2. FOUNDATIONS of ISLAM • “Islam” = “Surrender to God” • Prophet – Muhammad (d. 632) • His preaching accepted as early as 622 • Emphasis on:- individual’s relationship to God- human relations in society • Islamic law governs all aspects of life(no distinction between secular and sacred)

  3. BASIC TENETS of the FAITH • Qu’ran (Koran) – revealed word of God • Belief in single, monotheistic God • Belief in angels (agents of God) • Belief in prophets (Muhammand follows line from Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus...) • Belief in a final “Day of Judgement”

  4. FIVE “PILLARS” OF ISLAM • To recite the “Profession of Faith” at least once in your life • To observe the 5 daily prayers • To pay the “Zukat” for the support of the poor • To fast during daylight hours in the holy month of Ramadan • To perform the “Haij” (pilgrimage to Mecca), if possible

  5. LAWS & CODE of CONDUCT • Based on Qu’ran (known only through Muhammad, until his death) • Haddith - Interpretations & Opinions by followers • Sunnah – “Well Trodden Path” (developed later, consensus of community) (70-90%) • Shi’ia - “Partisans of Allah” (conservative)10-20%) • Sufi – emphasis on the spiritual aspects

  6. Qu’ran Book 73 Verse 4 • YUSUFALI translation: [1] O thou folded in garments![2] Stand (to prayer) by night, but not all night,[3] Half of it,- or a little less, [4] Or a little more; and recite the Qur'an in slow, measured rhythmic tones. • PICKTHAL translation: [1] O thou wrapped up in thy raiment![2] Keep vigil the night long, save a little –[3] A half thereof, or abate a little thereof [4] Or add (a little) thereto - and chant the Qur'an in measure, • SHAKIR translation: [1] O you who have wrapped up in your garments! [2] Rise to pray in the night except a little,[3] Half of it, or lessen it a little[4] Or add to it, and recite the Quran as it ought to be recited.

  7. Qur’an Book 7 Verse 204 • YUSUFALI translation: [204] When the Qur’an is read, listen to it with attention, and hold your peace: that ye may receive Mercy. • PICKTHAL translation: [204] And when the Qur’an is recited, give ear to it and pay heed, that ye may obtain mercy. • SHAKIR translation: [204]And when the Qur’an is recited, then listen to it and remain silent, that mercy may be shown to you.

  8. THE ARTS & MUSIC in ISLAM • Little music before Islam, except Poetry • Visual arts limited to abstract figuration • Music forbidden by Orthodox as article of faith (but….nothing in Qu’ran) • Khandan – chanting of Qu’ran • Musiqi – secular music (all other types)

  9. Chanting the Qu’ran • YouTube - Quran Recitation Fahd Al-Kanderi/Kandari- surat at-tawbah (10:58) • YouTube - My Favourite Qur'an Recitors (Some Of My Favourite) (10:23) • YouTube - Quran recitation by Ahmed Saud [w/ English translation] (9:16) [entire Chapter 52] • YouTube - Amazing recitation of the Qur'an by a young child! (2:31) • beautiful recitation - Surat al-Fajr سورة الفجر – YouTube (6:40)

  10. Chanting of Qur’an (vocal) Free rhythm(non-metrical) Improvisatory(or sounds like) Monophonic Sacred Traditional Uses Instruments Strict rhythms(metrical) Pre-composed Polyphonic Secular Westernized KHANDAN vs. MUSIQI

  11. Khandan or Musiqi? • Islamic Call to Prayer - [Islam Calls You] – YouTube • 09-ESKİ ORDU MARŞI [HD] – YouTube • Horon - Folk Dance from Black Sea Region of Turkey (Rize Kalkandere) – YouTube • Taksim turkish Saz Baglama - Youness Lhorri – YouTube • Sarı Zeybek - Sergio Pugnalin on bağlama saz solo – YouTube • The Sufi Whirling Dervishes of Istanbul – YouTube • Fella - Ya gelbi - Dvdrip - فلة الجزائرية - نتحدث معاك يا قلبي – YouTube • belly dancer in qatar – YouTube • AbdEl Gadir Salim - Bitzid Min' Adhabi - YouTube • Masters of Persian Music - Saz va Avaz (Nahoft) - YouTube

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