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The ratification of the U.S. Constitution saw a fierce debate between Federalists who favored a strong central government and supported the Constitution, ensuring national debts were honored and citizens' rights were protected. In contrast, Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution out of fear it would threaten individual liberties and undermine state governments, advocating for a Bill of Rights. Ratification required approval from at least 9 state conventions, achieved by June 1788, culminating in all 13 states ratifying by spring 1790. Strong campaigns and influential figures like Washington and Franklin played key roles.
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FEDERALISTS ANTI-FEDERALISTS Favored strong central government Supported the Constitution Would ensure national debts paid off Guarantee rights of citizens Individual states may not be able to protect themselves Would regulate trade American money stable value Opposed strong central government Opposed Constitution Feared it would endanger citizens’ liberties Would overtake state governments Wanted a Bill Of Rights included in the Constitution which would list every citizen’s rights
RATIFICATION Needed to be approved by at least 9 state conventions Officially ratified in June of 1788 (New Hampshire the 9th) By spring of 1790, all 13 states ratified
Reasons Constitution was ratified Strong federalist campaign Washington & Franklin swayed citizens’ opinions Bill of Rights added
