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Worl d War II

A WORLD CONFLICT. Worl d War II. SECTION 1 – Mobilizing For Defense. Before Pearl Harbor, many industries did not want to did not want to convert to wartime production.

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Worl d War II

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  1. A WORLD CONFLICT World War II

  2. SECTION 1 – Mobilizing For Defense • Before Pearl Harbor, many industries did not want to did not want to convert to wartime production. • When the United States entered the war, Government Agencies were created to focus the nation’s life, such as factories, farms, mines. • Rations were started to make sure everyone had food, and to limit materials such as oil, gasoline, and even coffee. • 1942- US production equaled that of Germany, Italy, and Japan combined. • American factories turned out 250,000 planes, 100,000 armored cars, 75,000 tanks, 650,000 pieces of artillery, and millions of tons of bombs, shells and bullets before the war was over.

  3. WOMEN AND SEGREGATION IN WAR • Woman performed all sorts of duties except those of a combatant. 258,000 women served during the war. • Around 1 million of the 15 million men serving during the war were blacks. • They were less segregated than in World War I, and were let into the Marine Corps. • A black doctor, Charles Drew, developed the blood bank during the war that saved countless lives. The blood from white men and the blood from black men were kept separate though for no scientific reason. • Newspapers noted that “there were no color lines in the foxholes.” • 1949- The Army, navy, and air force had abolished all racial quotas.

  4. BLACK AMERICANS AND THE HOMEFRONT • A. Philip Randolph, born in Florida, organized 100,000 blacks in 1941 to march on Washington to protest racial discrimination in wartime hiring. • President Roosevelt has issued his Executive Order 8802 right before the march that outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, creed, color, or national origin. • The FEPC (Fair Employment Practices Committee) was appointed to enforce this. • 1943- Race riots in numerous cities erupted. The worst of these being Detroit, leaving 25 blacks dead and 9 whites dead.

  5. JAPANESE AMERICANS ARE INTERNED • After Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans faced extreme discrimination. • Eventually the Government gave in and in 1942, under the excuse of National Security, 110,000 Japanese Americans were rounded up and sent to live in camps that were watched by armed guards. • In 1944 the Government started to release them, and despite the treatment, 1200 men signed up to join the armed forces straight out of the camp.

  6. WOMEN AND THE WAR EFFORT • Six million women joined the labor force during the war. • They took jobs such as lumberjacks, blast furnace operators, stevedores, and blacksmiths which were considered to be too touch for women. “Rosie the Riveter” was an inspiration for all Americans. • Many could become doctors, lawyers, and chemists for the first time.

  7. ROSIE THE RIVETER

  8. RAISING MONEY • From 1941 – 1945 $321 billion was spent. This was twice as much that was spent from 1789 – 1941. • Federal income tax reached 94 percent for the highest incomes.The taxes had reached its highest in American history, but it only paid for 41 percent of the cost of war. • The Government sold $100 billion in war bonds to help pay for the cost of war. • Wages and prices were frozen by the government to prevent prices rising.

  9. SECTION 2 – THE END OF THE BEGINNING 1942 • When the US entered the war, allies agreed that it’s priority was to defeat the Germans. • The battle of the Atlantic was being lost to the “wolf packs” of German submarines. • May of 1942 German submarines had sank 120 allied ships. • Allies invented sonar mid-1943 and used this to locate submarines and destroy them. • So(ound) Na(vigation) R(ranging. SONAR

  10. SUCCESS IN NORTH AFRICA • General Erwin Rommel commanded the German and Italian forces in North Africa. He was named the “Desert Fox.” • Instead of the Allies opening a second front against the Germans in Europe, they decide to clear Africa of the Axis powers first. • October 23, British troops led by General Bernard Montgomery attacked and on November 4, they broke through. • Rommel lost 500 tanks, 400 guns, and 60,000 men. • November 8, 1942, US and British ships landed 500 transports onto the west and north coasts of Africa. • By the end of 1942, all the Germans in Africa had been surrounded in Tunisia. • Around the same time, the Russians broke the siege of Stalingrad and started pushing westward.

  11. WWII AND LATIN AMERICA • Nine Caribbean republics declared war on the Axis powers in December 1941. By 1942 all New World nations had declared war on the Axis powers. • These countries and republics supplied the US with materials as well as keeping the Caribbean free of German Subs. • The US repaid this with military equipment and loans.

  12. ACTIVE DEFENCE IN THE PACIFIC AND THE RAID ON TOKYO • After Pearl Harbor, the Japanese won every battle. 1942 they controlled a distance of 4500 miles of islands and water. • The Allies had to make sure they kept Hawaii and Somoa. • During the raid of Pearl Harbor, the American aircraft carriers ha been at sea. • On April 8, 1942 General James B. Doolittle led B-25s on a raid on Tokyo. • This lifted American morale even though it did little damage to the city.

  13. THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY AND GUADALCANAL • The Japanese needed the island of Midway to have a key point in attacking the US. • When the Japanese attacked Midway on June 4, 1942, the US were ready. For the first time in the war, naval power shifted to the US. • When the US found out about the Japanese airbase on Guadalcanal, 20,000 US marines were landed. • Japanese cruiser forces sank the US transports leaving the marines stranded. • The marines eventually beat the Japanese on the island, forcing them to retreat on February 9, 1943. This indicated that the Japanese advance had come to an end.

  14. SECTION 3 – VICTORY IN EUROPE • After the fall of Tunisia, and General von Arnim surrendered his troops there, Africa was lost to the Germans. • This victory was as decisive as the one in Stalingrad. • July 10, 1943 250,000 American and British troops landed on the Sicilian coastline. • This caused Mussolini to resign and a new government was installed in Italy. • Italy made peace with the Allies on September 3, 1943.

  15. THE AIR WAR • While the Allies were slowly pushing towards France, Germany was already being invaded by air. • The British began bombing in 1941 when the RAF dropped 46,000 tons of bombs on enemy targets. • The US made its first air raid in August 1942 using B-17 bombers nicknamed “Flying Fortresses.” • To counteract these bombings, Germans invented V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets which destroyed bombers in disastrous numbers. • Nazi war production was severely hurt by Allied bombings.

  16. D-DAY AND THE ALLIES ON THE MOVE • General Dwight D. Eisenhower directed the invasion on Normandy codename D-Day. • To mislead the Nazis of an attack, they arranged fake messages. • During the night of June 5, 600 warships and 4000 supporting craft moved towards Normandy. • In a single week, 326,000 men, 50,000 vehicles, and 100,000 tons of supplies were landed by the Allies.

  17. D-DAY AND THE ALLIES ON THE MOVE (CONT) • The Normandy Invasion lasted from June 6 to July 24, 1944. • The Allies had landed more than a million men on 1500 square miles of Normandy and Brittany. • The FFI (French resistance) helped General George Patton break through enemy lines. • Paris was liberated from Nazi control on August 25. • Soviet troops closed in on Germany from the east, while six Allied armies face Germany from the west.

  18. ELECTION OF 1944 • Franklin D. Roosevelt was unanimously nominated for his fourth term when the election came up. • He said he wanted to step down, but “As a good soldier… I will accept and serve.” • Franklin D. Roosevelt won by 3.6 million votes in the election.

  19. THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE AND CONFERRING AT YALTA • December 16, 1944 the Germans made a final attempt to break the Allies. • The Germans set off to split the Allied armies in two but were stopped at the Meuse River, creating a large “bulge” in the allied forces. • The 101st Airborne Division held this ground until relieved by the third army, pinching off the “bulge” which cost Germany 120,000 of their best remaining men.

  20. THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE AND CONFERRING AT YALTA (CONT) • February 1945 President Roosevelt met with British Prime Minister Churchill and Russian dictator Stalin at Yalta, which was a Russian resort. • They discussed what would happen after Germany fell and what to do with lands captured from Germany and Japan.

  21. FAILURE TO TAKE BERLIN/DEATH OF ROOSEVELT/GERMANY SURRENDERS • March 7 1945 the First Army crossed the Rhine bridge towards Berlin. Instead of US forces moving in on Berlin, they stopped 50 miles out to prevent the loss of more American lives. • President Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945 from a blood vessel bursting in his brain. • Russian and American forces meet at the Elbe river on April 25, while Hitler commits suicide in Berlin and Mussolini being executed by Italian partisans. • May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders and is codenamed V-E (Victory in Europe) day.

  22. SECTION 4 – THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC • General MacArthur and his troops were “leap-frogging” towards the Philippines. (Going from island to island) • October 23-25 the Battle of Leyte Gulf was one of the greatest sea battles of the war. The Japan navy was knocked out of the war with it’s defeat. • July 4, 1946 the Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed independent.

  23. SPLITTING THE ATOM • After the death of President Roosevelt, President Harry S Truman took his place. • Truman was trusted with the secret of the building of an Atom bomb. • Men who worked on this bomb were from all over. Two most commonly known were Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi. • None of the scientists knew if the bomb could be contained after it detonated.

  24. SPLITTING THE ATOM (CONT) • July 16 1942 New Mexico the first Atomic bomb detonated. • By the time the bomb was perfect, Europe had been conquered by the Allies. • The Allies offered Japan two options. To surrender or utter destruction. Japan declined. • August 6, 1945, an American B-29 dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. • About 75,000 people were killed from the detonation, and tens of thousands were killed from wounds or radiation. • A few days later, another bomb dropped on Nagasaki, which caused Japan to surrender on August 14, 1945.

  25. THE COST OF WWII • The United States lost over 292,000 lives in combat. The exact number is unknown. • Without the advances of the Blood bank and “wonder drugs”, many more lives would have been lost. • Casualties were worse around the world, totaling 27 million Russians, 4 million Germans, 2 million Japanese, around 22 million Chinese, and millions others. • The worst was the Nazi crime of the Holocaust. Which exterminated 6 million Jews in concentration camps.

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