Clauses of contrast

1. Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice formou DUMů CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0488 Předmět Clausesofcontrast Autor: Mgr. Kateřina Kozlová

2. = ačkoli, ač, i když, i kdyby, navzdory tomu, že… A) Přípustkové spojky, po kterých následuje vedlejší věta (podmět + přísudek) Although Though Eventhoughtheyinvitedhim, he didn´tcome. Evenif In spiteofthefactthat Despitethefactthat Althoughitwastoolate, he decided to call her. Thoughthe concert was sold out, wemanaged to gettwotickets. Evenifyougaveme a million, I wouldn´trevealthesecret.

3. B) Přípustkové spojky, po kterých následuje nominální konstrukce (pod.jm., gerundium) despite in spiteof Despitetheweatherwasbad, theywentfor a trip. Despitethebadweather, theywentfor a trip. Despitethefactthattheweatherwasbad, theywentfor a trip. In spiteofshewastired, shecontinuedworking. In spiteofbeingtired, shecontinuedworking. In spiteofthefactthatshewastired, shecontinuedworking. Althoughitwascold, theywentswimming. Despitecoldweather, theywentswimming. Despitebeingcold, theywentswimming. (= Althoughtheywerecold, theywentswimming.) = navzdory, přes…

4. C) However= avšak, však, ale (X butobvykle nebývá na začátku věty) - nespojuje věty v souvětí, odporuje tvrzení z předchozí věty - stojí zpravidla na začátku věty, odděluje se čárkou Beethoven composed many outstandingworks. However, he wasalmosttotallydeaf. He went to Germany to workthere. However, he can´tspeakGerman. (= Although he can´tspeakGerman, he went to Germany to workthere.) D) Though= i když, ale; stojí na konci věty He went to Germany to workthere. He can´tspeakGerman, though. My aunt made pizza withsea food fordinner. I hatesea food, though.

5. E) No matter + WH- questionwords = složeniny s –EVER (nepoužívá se budoucí čas, ale přítomný jako ve větách čas. a podm.) No matterwhen = wheneveryoucomeback, I´llwaitforyou. No matterwho = whoeveryou talk to, don´trevealthesecret. No matterwhere = whereveryou go, I´llfollowyou. No matterwhich = whicheveryouborrow, bringitbacktomorrow. No matterhow = howeverI do it, itisalwayswrong. No matterwhat = whatevershedid, I admire her. No matterwhyhe didit, nobodybelieveshimany more. (whyever se nepoužívá) F) No matterif = whether No matterifyou´rerichorpoor = Whetheryou´rerichorpoor, healthistheonlyreallyvaluablethingyouhave.

6. G) Zkracování přípustkových vět Although he isintelligent, Paul issometimes very rude. = Althoughintelligent, Paul issometimes very rude. Eventhoughsheisn´tthinenough, Jane became a model. = Though not thinenough, Jane became a model. Whetheryou´reoldoryoung, youshouldavoid stress. = Whetheroldoryoung, youshouldavoid stress.

7. H) Othertypesofclausesofcontrast. He mayhavelivedin France for a long time, but he doesn´tspeakFrenchfluently. He mightbeanintelligent boy, nevertheless he has to prepareforschoolregularly. Thoughintelligent, sheisneverthelessrathermodest. He isoftenrude to me, but I likehimnevertheless (= nonetheless). Heavyasthe case maybe, I´lltry to carryit. Much as I likehim, I don´tagreewithwhat he did. Late thoughitmaybe, I´lltry to ring him up. Dressedthough he was in black, theydidn´t let him in. Costwhatitmay… = Ať to stojí cokoli… Bethat as itmay… = Ať tomu je jakkoli… Be he who he may… = Ať je kdokoli…

8. I Completethecorrectlinkingword: although, though, eventhough, evenif, despite, in spiteof, however Although Despite • …………… they´retwins, onecanrecognizethemquitewell. • …………… beingill, he went to workto finishthejob. • …………… thefactthatwearrived a bit late, wedidn´t miss thebeginningofthe film. • I´ll show youthephotos. ……………, youmay not likethem. • …………… my grannyworked very hard, he didn´tearn a lot ofmoney. • …………… thebadweather, we had a wonderfulholiday. • Tony waslateagain. He didn´tappologize, …………… . • …………… the car wasbroke, he managed to start it. • …………… thedelay, wearrived in time. • He answeredthequestion. ……………, nobodyaskedhim. In spiteof However Eventhough Despite though Although In spiteof However

9. II Jointheclausesusingtherightlinkingwords • He has just graduatedfrom university. He earns as much as his father. • He asked her severaltimes. Shedidn´tsay a word. • Theylovedeachother. Theyoftenquarrelled. • He has repaired his motorbike. He stillgoes by bus to school. • Itisquitewarm. You´rewearing a sweatshirt. • Theywonthematch. Theydidn´t play theirbest. • Weweresitting in thethirdrow. Wecouldn´tseeallthestage. • I don´tfeelwell. I´vedecided to take part in thecompetition.

10. KEY II Jointheclausesusingtherightlinkingwords. Possibleanswers: • Although he has just graduatedfromuniversity, he earns as much as his father. • Eventhough he asked her severaltimes, shedidn´tsay a word. • Theylovedeachother. However, theyoftenquarrelled. • Despitehavingrepairedhis motorbike, he stillgoes by bus to school. • Evenifitisquitewarm, you´rewearing a sweatshirt. • Althoughtheywonthematch, theydidn´t play theirbest. • In spiteofsittingin thethirdrow, wecouldn´tseeallthestage. • Despite not feeling well, I´vedecided to take part in thecompetition.

11. III Correctthesentences • No matterwhen fast youcan run, he isbetterat sprint. • In spiteofthedoctorarrivedimmediately, itwastoolate – thepatient had died. • I´m feeling quite OK in spiteofthat I havebeensleepingonlyforfourhours. • Althoughhaving not enoughmoney, theywerethinkingof a holiday by thesea. • Chineseis not aninternationallanguage. Howeverisspoken by a largenumberofpeople. • Whereveryouhear, don´tbelieveit. • Despitebeing not healthy, he went to work. • Eventhoughtheteacherexplaineditseveraltimes, however, thestudentscouldn´tunderstandit. • Weatheritisrainyorsnowy, theywill play thematch.

12. KEY III Correctthesentences • No matterwhenhowfast youcan run, he isbetterat sprint. • InspiteofAlthoughthedoctorarrivedimmediately, itwastoolate – thepatient had died. • I´m feeling quite OK in spiteofthefactthatI havebeensleepingonlyforfourhours. • AlthoughIn spiteof/Despitehavingnot enoughmoney, theywerethinkingof a holiday by thesea. • Chineseis not aninternationallanguage. However, itisspoken by a largenumberofpeople. • WhereverWhateveryouhear, don´tbelieveit. • Despitebeing notnotbeinghealthy, he went to work. • Eventhoughtheteacherexplaineditseveraltimes, however, thestudentscouldn´tunderstandit. • WhetherWeatheritisrainyorsnowy, theywill play thematch.

13. IV Translate. Use differenttypesoflinkingwords. • Ať se zeptáš kohokoli, nikdo nezná správnou odpověď. • Přijal tu práci, i když nebyla dobře placená. • Ať si vyberete kterýkoli, budete spokojen. • I když ten vlak byl nacpaný, podařilo se nám najít pár volných sedadel. • Ačkoli je Petr členem sboru, málokdy tam chodí. • Můžeš mu dát cokoli, vždycky ti bude vděčný. • Měli bychom mu raději zavolat, i když asi dostal náš mail. • Pracuje jako pokladní v obchodě, přestože absolvoval vysokou školu. • Ať byl jeho telefon možná jakkoli drahý, nemyslím si, že ten můj je horší. • Kdykoli přijede do Zlína, vždy nás navštíví. • Ať se snažil, jak se snažil, nikdy nevyhrál. • Přestože bylo docela chladno, užívali jsme si koupání v moři. • Ať má na sobě cokoli, vždycky vypadá pěkně. • I když to možná nebylo nutné, jsem rád, že jsem to udělal. • Na olympiádě v Soči jsme získali osm medailí, přestože jsme neuspěli v hokeji.

14. IV Translate. Use differenttypesoflinkingwords. Possibleanswers. • Whoeveryouask, nobodyknowstherightanswer. • He acceptedthejob, eventhoughitwasn´twell-paid. • Whicheveryouchoose, you´llbesatisfied. • Althoughthetrainwascrowded (No matterhow much crowdedthetrainwas), wemanaged to find a few free seats. • Despitebeing a memeberofthechoir, Petr seldomcomesthere. • Whateveryougivehim, he´llalwaysbegreteful. • We´dbetter call him, evenif he mighthavegotour e-mail. • He works as a cashier, in spiteofthefactthat he has graduatedfrom university. • Howeverexpensive his phonemighthavebeen, I don´tthinkthat mine isworse. • Whenever he arrives in Zlín, he alwaysvisitsus. • No matterhow hard he tried, he neverwon. • Althoughitwasquitecold, weenjoyedswimming in thesea. • Whatevershewears, shealwayslookspretty. • Eventhoughitmight not havebeennecessary, I´mglad, I´ve done it. • Wewoneightmedals in theOlympicGames in Soči. However, wedidn´tsucceed in hockey.

15. Použité zdroje • TRYML, Sergej. Moderní učebnice anglické gramatiky pro středně pokročilé a pokročilé. Praha: EKOPRESS, 1999. ISBN ISBN 80-86119-18-1. • CHUDÝ, Tomáš a CHUDÁ, Jana.PractiseYourEnglishGrammar. Havlíčkův Brod: FRAGMENT, 1993. ISBN ISBN 80-901070-7-9. Všechny objekty použité k vytvoření prezentace jsou součástí SW Microsoft Office nebo jsou vlastní originální tvorbou autora.